The topic of such a disease as residual encephalopathy, as well as its consequences and treatment methods, has often been acute in neurology lately. This pathology often manifests itself unexpectedly, its danger lies in the defeat of the brain, so it is important to diagnose it in a timely manner. The disease can manifest itself in many ways, from minor symptoms in the form of dizziness and headache to the development of epilepsy, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, and so on. Such manifestations can be observed at any age. The main danger of the disease is fatal as a result of the development of a fatal state of health. Only a comprehensive and competent approach to the problem gives a person a chance to recover.
Pathology Description
Residual encephalopathy is a pathology of the brain and central nervous system that occurs as a result of nerve cell death due to exposure to a damaging factor. This disease can form as a complication of organic brain damage, for example, after a birth injury, and then begin to develop rapidly after many years.
Residual Encephalopathy: ICD 10
This disease according to ICD 10 has several codes, doctors use different codes, depending on the individual characteristics of the pathology. Some use the G93.4 code, which includes unspecified encephalopathy, while other doctors use the G93.8 code, which suggests other unspecified brain damage. For injuries and damage to the brain, often residual encephalopathy code according to ICD 10 has T90.5 or T90.8, which includes the consequences of intracranial or other specified head injuries.
Varieties of pathology
In medicine, several types of pathology are distinguished
Congenital pathology, which begins to form in the period from the twenty-eighth week of pregnancy of a woman to the seventh day after the birth of the child (perinatal period). In this case, residual encephalopathy (ICD code 10 is indicated above) develops as a result of the influence of negative factors during the labor of a woman or as congenital genetic abnormalities in the development of the brain. The main feature of this variety of the disease is its occurrence due to the development of abnormal processes during pregnancy or childbirth.
Acquired pathology develops in the process of human life. It has several subspecies:
- metabolic residual encephalopathy (ICD 10 - G93.4) is formed as a result of diseases of internal organs, when toxins begin to penetrate the bloodstream and spread to the brain;
- vascular develops due to chronic cerebrovascular accident;
- discirculatory is formed due to cerebrovascular disorders;
- toxic, which appears when exposure to toxins on the human body;
- post-traumatic residual encephalopathy (ICD code - T90.5) develops as a result of head injury;
- radiation, which is formed under the influence of ionizing radiation.
Causes of the disease
The disease can develop for many reasons. Often residual brain encephalopathy is formed as a result of the influence of the following factors:
- Congenital malformations, birth injury, fetal hypoxia, intrauterine infections. In some cases, the disease is diagnosed as cerebral palsy, if its symptoms are severe and affect the musculoskeletal system. In this case, the disease causes swelling and necrosis of cells and brain tissues.
- Injuries and injuries to the brain.
- Postponed surgical interventions on the brain, removal of tumors.
- Previous neuroinfections, such as encephalitis, meningitis, and strokes.
- Other traumatic factors, after which neurological abnormalities formed.
- Atherosclerosis of the brain, diabetes.
- Hypertension, VVD
- Dysontogenetic conditions in which abnormal brain development occurs, for example, Arnold-Chiari syndrome, hydrocephalus, and others.
The factors that provoke the development of a congenital form of pathology include:
- birth injuries;
- difficult pregnancy, premature birth;
- high fetal weight;
- entwining the fetus with an umbilical cord, hypoxia;
- neuroinfection;
- infectious diseases in women during pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, STDs;
- alcohol and nicotine abuse.
Residual encephalopathy (according to ICD 10, the use of different ciphers is assumed) does not always develop under the influence of the above factors. It all depends on how long the brain can use the compensatory possibilities in case of damage or death of part of the cells.
Symptoms and signs of the disease
Residual encephalopathy syndromes depend on a damaging factor.
With a congenital pathology, the child often cries, becomes restless, has inadequate reactions to sound or light, throws back his head and bulges his eyes. In half the cases, signs of the disease do not appear after birth. In the first months of a child’s life, encephalopathy often provokes the development of hydrocephalus, an increase in the amount of cerebrospinal cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, severe intracranial pressure, and a lag in development.
The symptomatology of the disease can manifest itself over time, it may be insignificant, but as the child grows, it manifests itself brighter. Relapse of the pathology usually occurs after inflammatory and infectious diseases, head injury, hypertension. A person develops nausea, vomiting, memory disorders and coordination of movements. Sometimes the disease manifests itself without exposure to provoking factors.
The characteristic signs of the disease are:
- frequent headaches;
- paresis and loss of consciousness;
- VVD, mental disorders;
- impaired coordination of movements;
- disorder of memory and emotional sphere;
- disorder of periods of sleep and wakefulness.
In severe cases, the disease provokes the development of paralysis, Parkinson's syndrome, seizures, epilepsy, speech disorders, coma.
Residual encephalopathy is a persistent, slowly developing neurological syndrome that acts as a complication of diseases and negative effects on the brain. Often in medicine, this pathology is diagnosed as a mental illness and symptomatic treatment is carried out.
Complications and consequences
In case of untimely diagnosis and treatment of pathology, it provokes the development of serious complications: hydrocephalus, VVD, brain dysfunction, cerebral palsy, epilepsy and coma. This disease in medicine is considered to be dangerous and one of the most complex, therefore it is important to make a timely diagnosis and develop effective therapy.
Diagnosis of the disease
Often, the diagnosis of “Residual Encephalopathy” cannot be made immediately, since the manifestation of the first symptoms may occur a long time after exposure to a damaging factor. Also, this pathology has similar signs with other diseases.
Diagnostic measures begin with questioning the patient and examining the medical history, which makes it possible to determine the possible causes that led to brain damage. Further, the doctor prescribes such studies:
- Laboratory tests of blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid.
- EEG.
- CT, NMR and MRI of the head.
- X-ray, rheovasography.
Diagnosis of the congenital form of the disease is carried out using ultrasound, EEG, neurosonography, CT. The doctor should differentiate the disease from all sorts of other diseases of the central nervous system that exhibit similar symptoms.
Therapy
In neurology, residual encephalopathy treatment involves a complex, which will depend on the severity of the disease, the number of injuries and the degree of brain damage. After therapy, the patient undergoes a long course of rehabilitation and recovery.
Almost always, the doctor prescribes drugs that normalize cerebral circulation, as well as vitamin and mineral complexes. In some cases, diuretics, anticonvulsants are prescribed. It is mandatory to carry out physiotherapy measures: massage, exercise therapy, herbal medicine, swimming and others. Pedagogical correction is also necessary. All these techniques make it possible to minimize the consequences and signs of the disease, to teach the patient to live a full life. But all these procedures should not overwork the patient, he needs a good rest and sleep, walks in the fresh air.
Surgical intervention for a disease such as residual encephalopathy is performed in rare cases. Usually, surgery is prescribed for repeated manifestations of the pathology.
Children with this disease should undergo prolonged therapy with medications, such as Quinton, Cerebrolysin, or Glycine. The doctor must prescribe manual therapy, homeopathic medicines to eliminate signs of pathology and prevent the development of serious complications. During the rehabilitation period, children are prescribed exercise therapy, a contrast shower, swimming.
ethnoscience
As traditional medicine, a special herbal balm is often used, which reduces dizziness, normalizes blood circulation and cleanses the blood vessels of the brain. To prepare it, you need to use three tinctures. The first tincture is made of red clover, forty grams of flowers are filled with half a liter of alcohol. The same infusion is made from Caucasian dioscorea and propolis. All these tinctures are combined in equal parts and taken one teaspoon, previously dissolved in fifty grams of water. Take the medicine three times a day after meals. Such alternative treatment is recommended for about two months, then take a two-week break. Many patients claim that, subject to all the rules and recommendations in the preparation and use of the infusion, a complete cure for the disease is possible.
Forecast
The prognosis for residual encephalopathy, the ICD code 10 of which is used in medical practice is different, usually favorable, in some cases it is possible to completely get rid of unpleasant symptoms. In others, a stable state is achieved in which the disease no longer progresses. At a late stage of development of the pathology, the prognosis will be unfavorable, since in this case it is impossible to fully restore the functionality of the brain.
Prevention
Preventive measures should be aimed at preventing the development of the disease, eliminating provoking factors, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, especially during a woman’s pregnancy. If you detect the symptoms of the disease, you must immediately contact a medical institution to stop the development of negative consequences.
Summary
Residual encephalopathy is a serious disease that requires a comprehensive study in neurology. Usually, it is not possible to establish the presence of a disease without numerous consultations of different specialists. Pathology may go unnoticed for a long period of time, as it is often confused with other complications of head injuries, ischemia, vaccination, and other phenomena. Sometimes encephalopathy is a sign of a hereditary disease, which at one time did not pay attention. Then the disease will not fully manifest itself after birth, but during puberty. It is important to identify pathology in a timely manner, since over time, irreversible changes in the brain occur. Only an integrated approach to this problem gives a person a chance to recover.