Renal adenoma is a benign tumor of the upper layer of the organ. This neoplasm does not belong to oncology, it is easily treatable without leaving metastases. The danger of kidney adenoma can be only in the absence of timely treatment. Then it can grow to critical sizes, at which the work of the body becomes impossible. Moreover, a tumor of this size can turn into a malignant tumor.
Causes of tumor formation
A clear reason for the formation of kidney adenoma has not yet been identified. There is a scientific hypothesis about a number of indirect factors that can become a source of pathology development. First of all, it is accommodation or professional activity in conditions of severe toxic air pollution. This may be a chemical plant or territories exposed to radioactive contamination.
Another cause of kidney adenoma is chronic diseases of the urinary system, namely pyelonephritis or polycystic. Adenoma of the left kidney, as well as the right one, can appear due to the influence of the products of tobacco burning on the body. That is, smokers are more likely to have this pathology.
Adenoma in a woman’s kidney can be a consequence of age-related changes in the body, the onset of menopause, or concomitant diseases of the reproductive system.
Tumor Symptoms
Renal adenoma symptoms are eloquent and unambiguous. Especially when it has already grown to a decent size - about 2-2.5 centimeters in diameter. In this case, it presses on the soft tissues of the kidney, causing the manifestation of pathology:
- Blood in urine. If it is not visible to the naked eye, then this can reveal a laboratory analysis.
- The color of urine changes from transparent to brighter, more saturated yellow.
- Renal adenoma in men is accompanied by expansion of veins on the testes. This condition is called varicocele. The disease can lead to poor blood supply to the testicles and, as a result, to infertility.
- With a tumor on the kidneys, blood pressure becomes stably high or rises to a critical level several times a day.
- In the lower back there are constantly pulling pains. This results in a squeezing of blood vessels by a growing neoplasm.
- Sometimes the tumor manifests itself in sharp pain during urination.
- The most striking manifestation of adenoma of the right kidney or left is renal colic. It is accompanied by such a severe pain syndrome that a person falls into a pain shock, loses consciousness and may even die.
- The limbs and face of the patient swell.
- General health is getting worse.
- Appetite decreases.
If a person has one or more symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.
Diagnostics
Treatment of kidney adenoma does not begin without a detailed diagnosis of the pathology. After all, it is necessary to know not only the size, but also the location of the neoplasm.
If the cause of the study did not become one of the symptoms, then the detection of adenoma is, as a rule, an accident that occurred as part of a routine medical examination.
The main way to study the condition of the kidneys is ultrasound. This equipment is available in any clinic.
To clarify the diagnosis, the patient is sent for a blood test. In the course of this study, the amount of hormones in the blood is studied. This allows you to draw conclusions about the work of the kidneys and adrenal glands.
Urine taken for analysis can show the number of red blood cells in it, that is, blood. To obtain a more accurate visual display of the tumor, the patient is examined using computed tomography.
If there is a need for CT, then the patient is contraindicated in such a procedure, it is replaced with magnetic resonance imaging. Only a comprehensive study allows you to prescribe the right treatment.
When you can do without surgery
If the adenoma is still small - no more than 2.5 centimeters, an operation to remove it is not recommended. It is believed that with such a tumor, the kidney will function 100%. But at the same time, it is necessary to constantly monitor its growth using ultrasound or CT. If the growth of the adenoma does not stop, then a surgical operation to remove it is prescribed.
Surgical intervention
In advanced cases, when the tumor reaches 3 cm in diameter and more, it is necessary to remove not only the neoplasm itself, but also the entire organ.
Surgical intervention is carried out in two ways: open through an incision on the back or laparoscopic with the help of special tools inserted through small punctures in the skin. If the tumor has developed so much that it has moved into the category of malignant formation, then after its removal the patient undergoes radiation therapy to prevent metastasis.
Forecast
The prognosis for detecting kidney adenomas in humans is usually positive. The operation to remove it is not considered difficult or dangerous, since the tumor does not have metastases and it does not grow firmly to the kidney. In 95 percent of cases, treatment is successful, the patient tolerates the operation calmly, and the postoperative period does not require long-term rehabilitation.
Prevention
Despite the fact that this type of tumor is not very dangerous for human health and life, certain preventive measures should be taken. Especially when you consider that the only way to treat this type of neoplasm is a surgical operation, the procedure is unpleasant and expensive.
Since the main cause of kidney adenoma is smoking, drinking alcohol and eating poorly, it is recommended that you change your lifestyle. First of all, you need to get rid of bad habits.
To improve blood circulation in the pelvic organs, and in particular the kidneys, it is necessary to exercise regularly, especially if a person leads a sedentary lifestyle. You need to walk more or run in the evenings.
In order to reduce the risk of kidney inflammation, you need to dress appropriately to the weather. It is necessary not to expose the kidneys to hypothermia in the cold season and not to cause excessive sweating in the summer. In the heat, air conditioners are especially dangerous. A sweating person easily catches a kidney, entering a room with air conditioning.
What should be the nutrition?
It is necessary to eat fractionally, 6-8 times a day, in small portions. This will relieve the digestive organs and allow the food to be completely digested. The human diet should include fresh vegetables and fruits, cereals, nuts, honey, natural juices.
Do not consume spicy fried meat, especially with artificial preservatives. It is necessary to abandon smoked and pickled in the diet. Reduce sugar intake to a minimum - two tablespoons per day. To do this, abandon sweet carbonated drinks and pastries.
Separately, you need to talk about the water balance in the body. For normal functioning, a person needs water - from two to four liters per day. It is water, not coffee, kvass or beer. You can drink mild herbal tea. This measure restores not only the water-salt balance in the body, but also the balance of trace elements. As a result, the risk of the formation of sand and stones in the kidneys, and especially tumors and adenomas, is reduced. After all, they will be regularly washed with plenty of fluids and fresh blood.
If inflammation of the kidneys occurs, do not delay with treatment. Any disease in the genitourinary system can go into a chronic form, and it is very difficult and takes a long time to treat. Not to mention the fact that kidney failure or another chronic disease can easily end with the appearance of adenoma.
In order not to give the tumor a chance to develop into a malignant and, therefore, deadly neoplasm, it is necessary to undergo an examination using ultrasound - 3-4 times a year will be enough.
It must be remembered that approximately 50% of patients with this disease die from kidney cancer. No need to take risks and bring the situation with kidney adenoma to a malignant tumor. An elementary regular visit to the doctor will help to avoid this.