A lack of iron in the human body can cause many problems. Modern drugs with low hemoglobin will help replenish stocks of an important element.
What is anemia?
This condition is characterized by a low level of hemoglobin structures. Anemia develops, in which the oxygen supply to tissue cells deteriorates. There are drugs that increase hemoglobin in the human body.
There are several varieties of anemic conditions in which there is a lack of proteins, iron compounds or cyanocobalamin.
The most common form is iron deficiency anemia, caused by a mismatch in the demand and intake of Fe-ions.
There are two levels of the disease:
- Hidden iron deficiency, in which the ferritin and hemoglobin concentration is reduced, as well as transferrin filling, there are no clinical signs of Fe deficiency.
- Actually anemic condition with obvious characteristics of a lack of metal in the human organs, when there is a violation of the formation of hemoglobin molecules.
The value of iron in the body
This is an element that a person needs. About 70% of this substance is included in hemoglobin. Internal organs cannot synthesize iron ions; they are delivered only with food.
Hemoglobin protein binds oxygen molecules in red blood cells.
An insufficient iron content causes oxygen starvation. Restore lower hemoglobin drugs and preparations that contain Fe-ions.
The structure of hemoglobin
The hemoglobin structure contains four heme-containing protein subunits. Between the protomers there is a connection of the hydrophobic, ionic, hydrogen type according to the complementary principle.
The heme contains a divalent metal ion, which is included in the prosthetic group.
Signs of Anemia
Iron preparations with low hemoglobin in adults are prescribed for hypotension, pallor of the skin, slept veins, weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, decreased performance, palpitations, shortness of breath.
The reason for taking medication is a change in the skin with excessive dryness, peeling. The nail plate becomes striated and brittle, and the hair does not have enough strength, they fall out and cross-section. Iron deficiency form can be determined by a distortion of taste preferences.
In laboratory blood tests, the lower limit of the normal hemoglobin content will be 130 grams per liter for the male body and 120 grams per liter for the female.
A mild anemic degree is the Hb value, which is higher than 90 grams per liter, but less than 110 grams per liter, with medium-heavy Hb will be from 70 to 90 grams per liter, and in severe form, the Hb level is below 70 grams per liter.
Features of the choice of medicines
To eliminate the anemic iron deficiency, the doctor selects drugs that increase hemoglobin, based on the characteristics of the metabolism of iron ions, the characteristics of absorption, composition and form of the drug.
It was found that the introduction of intramuscular medication gives a worse result than with the oral use of tablet forms. This is due to the method of assimilation of metal ions, which begins in the intestine. With the first method of administration, more adverse reactions occur.
Iron preparations with low hemoglobin in adults should include the optimal content of the element in its pure form, which ranges from 80 to 160 mg. This amount is equivalent to 320 mg of sulfate, it is enough to obtain the desired therapeutic effect. Deviation from the selected dose or discontinuation of the drug will cause undesirable consequences.
An important condition for proper treatment is the integrity of the pill when taken. They do not chew it, but immediately swallow it with water. Typically, liquid iron-containing drugs are inferior to tablet forms in effectiveness.
Complex vitamin-mineral preparations are not able to completely compensate for the lack of an element in the body due to its low content.
The most safe are encapsulated and coated preparations with iron to increase hemoglobin. This form protects the mucous epithelium of the digestive tract from the negative effects of the drug.
Medications for Anemia
Various medications are used depending on the type of anemia. It can be iron-containing products or vitamin substances in the form of cyanocobalamin, folic acid and ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, riboflavin or pyridoxine.
With the aplastic form of the disease, glucocorticosteroid drugs, medicines based on anabolic steroids, androgens, and cytostatics are used.
Medications with erythropoietin are aimed at stimulating hematopoiesis and increasing hemoglobin content.
Iron-containing products
They are most often used to treat anemic conditions. Iron preparations are included in this group to increase low hemoglobin. Usually these are saline-containing medications that are well absorbed through the intestinal wall for subsequent incorporation into the heme structure. The formation of hemoglobin causes an improvement in oxygen transport.
There are medicines with ferric or ferrous iron. To improve the availability of the first form, amino acid compounds are required that allow the transport of Fe 2+ ions to the bone marrow. The digestibility of iron with valency II is enhanced by the influence of ascorbic acid, which provides ion transfer and incorporation into the heme structure.
From a physiological point of view, tablet formulations are more preferred. Parenteral administration of the drug is used to quickly saturate the body with an element when there are intestinal pathologies and there is no improvement from treatment with solid forms.
High dosages of drugs are used to obtain normal hemoglobin values, and then a maintenance dose is selected. A reduced amount of medication is used to prevent anemia.
Medicines with ferrous iron
People with anemia often ask the doctor a question about how to increase hemoglobin in the blood. Preparations are sulfates with vitamin supplements. The latter contribute to improved absorption and availability.
The most commonly used drug is Sorbifer Durules, it contains ferrous sulfate and C-vitamin.
Another common remedy is Tardiferron tablets, in which ascorbic acid is replaced by folic acid. The medicine is taken in the morning and in the afternoon, 30 minutes before a meal. Tablets should be washed down with 200 ml of water.
Capsule preparations include:
- "Ferrofolgamma" with iron divalent sulfate, cyanocobalamin, C-vitamin.
- Ferretab with fumarate and folic acid.
- Fenyuls with FeSO 4 , B9, B5, C, B2, B6 vitamins.
The medicine "Actiferrin" in the form of capsules, drops and syrup treats anemia in children.
An inexpensive preparation for increasing hemoglobin “Hematogen” has albumin protein and FeSO 4 in its composition.
The medicine "Totem" in the form of a solution contains iron (II) gluconate, copper, manganese.
In the pellet "Prolongatum hemofer" there is Fe sulfate.
Ferric Medicines
These include drugs to increase hemoglobin in the blood. An overview of this group of drugs allows you to determine the dosage form and feature of the active components in the composition of funds from anemia.
In medicines with ferric iron, this metal is present in the form of polymaltosate hydroxide. This composition has:
- Maltofer, which is produced in the form of syrup, injection and tablets.
- Fenyuls medicine, produced in drops and in the form of syrup.
- Ferrum Lek - tablets, injection and syrup.
The Biofer medication, in addition to polymaltosate hydroxide, contains folic acid. Available in tablet form.
In the structure of the Ferlatum drug, the active component of the solution is protein succinate.
Iron preparations are administered intramuscularly with low hemoglobin in adults, if there are certain indications. They are characterized by reduced absorption of iron ions in the gastrointestinal tract with various chronic pathologies in the form of enteritis, chronic pancreatitis, and insufficient absorption syndrome.
Parenteral administration of the drug should be carried out with exacerbation of an ulcer in the duodenum or stomach, with ulcerative colitis, individual hypersensitivity to compounds with iron, removal of part of the stomach or small intestine.
To quickly saturate the body tissues with metal with large blood loss, before the operations associated with hemorrhoids, treatment of fibromyotic formations and other pathologies, the medication is administered inside the muscle. The amount of iron in the medicine used for injectable therapy should not exceed 100 mg per day. It is enough to completely saturate the transferrin molecules with this metal.
In the form of injection solutions, the drugs Venofer, Argeferr, Likferr, and Cosmofer are produced.
Adverse reactions during treatment
Iron preparations with low hemoglobin in adults can provoke the occurrence of side effects, which are due to the sensitivity of each patient and the form of the medication.
Some drugs can cause all kinds of processes of an allergic nature, caused by intolerance to the active component.
On the mucous membrane of the digestive system are irritating agents containing iron, but not covered with a protective membrane. In this case, pain symptoms are observed in the epigastric region, as well as difficulty emptying the large intestine.
Taking tablets and liquid preparations causes darkening of the enamel on the teeth.
An intravenous method of using solutions provokes a state of thrombophlebitis, in which vessels in the injection area become inflamed.
The effect of therapy
Iron preparations with low hemoglobin in adults begin to have an effect only three weeks after taking the medication, in which there is a slight increase in Hb. The effectiveness of the pharmacotherapeutic effect of the drug is considered positive when normal hemoglobin values are reached in 60 days. After the dosage is adjusted for maintenance treatment.
In the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, patients are prescribed, along with taking medications, the use of plant foods, juices, in which vitamin substances are present in large quantities. For recovery, proteins with meat and dairy products must enter the body.
Most importantly, the attending physician should deal with the choice of drug for the treatment of anemia. Self-medication will not give the necessary improvements, but it will cause undesirable reactions, which will aggravate the course of the disease.