The term "trochantitis" refers to the inflammatory process that occurs in the hip joint. Several structures are involved in the pathology at once: tendons, ligaments, trochanter, and synovial sac. The disease most often affects only one hip. In other words, an ailment is almost always one-sided. Regardless of the severity of symptoms, treatment of trochanteritis is not recommended. Despite the fact that this ailment leads to disability extremely rarely, it significantly affects the quality of human life. According to statistics, the disease is more often diagnosed in women. This is due to the fact that their tendon strength is less. The types of trochanteritis of the hip joint, symptoms, prognosis and treatment are discussed below.
Development mechanism
Man is an upright creature. This is precisely what the hip joint is responsible for. This is one of the major parts of the musculoskeletal system located in the area where the pelvis and bones join. The joint provides not only upright posture, due to its structure, the limb can move freely in any direction.
He is also considered one of the most loaded in the body. Under the influence of any provoking factors in the joint, the development of the inflammatory process starts. It begins in the area of attachment to the synovial bag of the greater trochanter of the gluteal muscles. Gradually, ligaments and tendons are involved in the pathological process. Another name for the disease is trochanteric bursitis.
Causes
Most often, trochanteritis is detected in women during menopause. This is due to the fact that during this period there are changes in the hormonal background. However, pathology can develop in people of any gender and age under the influence of various provoking factors.
The main causes of spit bursitis:
- Frequent injuries of the femur. In this case, lesions may be minor. These include: bruises, subluxations.
- Overweight. Against the background of obesity, the hip joint takes on an even greater burden.
- Hypothermia.
- Age above average. The risk of developing trochanteritis increases every year.
- Diseases of the organs of the endocrine system.
- Regular and high-intensity physical activity.
- Disorders of metabolic processes.
- The presence of concomitant diseases of the musculoskeletal system. For example, arthrosis, arthritis, osteochondrosis, osteoporosis.
- A lifestyle that does not imply frequent motor activity.
- Congenital malformations of the extremities. For example, different lengths of legs.
Hip trochanteritis treatment requires an integrated approach. This is because the disease rarely develops under the influence of any one provoking factor. As a rule, the disease occurs against the background of several pathological conditions.
At risk are people who are professionally involved in sports, and people who, in the process of daily activities, greatly stress the joint. In addition, the disease is more often diagnosed in those who are constantly suffering from infectious diseases.
Types of trochanteritis
Depending on the causes, the ailment is divided into the following types:
- Aseptic. This is the most common type of illness. It is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory process, the development of which occurred without the participation of pathogenic microorganisms. In such cases, the patient is often mistakenly put on coxarthrosis. This is associated with certain diagnostic difficulties. The main reasons for the development of an aseptic form of the disease: high-intensity physical activity, anomalies in the anatomical structure of the lower extremities, hypothermia, various kinds of injuries, a sharp increase in body weight. In addition, the ailment is often the result of diseases, such as flu.
- Tuberculous. The second most common type of illness. This form of pathology is found in people suffering from tuberculosis. The latter is an ailment, in the process of development of which not only the lungs are affected, but also other organs. First of all, bones and joints suffer. The focus of the pathology in this case is most often localized precisely in the skewer and can reach several centimeters in size. Symptoms of the disease are poorly expressed, its intensity increases as the disease progresses. As a rule, this form of pathology occurs in cases when a person already knows about his diagnosis and tries to cope with it for a long time. In such situations, the treatment of trochanteritis of the hip joint is to combat tuberculosis. If the latter is present, it will not be possible to get rid of the inflammatory process.
- Septic. With this type of disease, the pathology develops without the participation of microbes that cause tuberculosis. The most common causative agents of the disease are staphylococci. In such situations, trochanteritis is a consequence of osteomyelitis or sepsis. Staphylococcus is a fairly aggressive pathogenic microorganism. This is due to the fact that his active life is accompanied by massive destruction of the affected cells and tissues and, accordingly, a significant deterioration in the patient's condition. For example, if septic trocharteritis was detected inopportune, the infection at this point could already completely destroy the trochanter. In such cases, serious treatment is required. Inflammation of the femoral tendons (trochanteritis) in this situation is stopped with the help of surgical techniques involving resection of the trochanter.
Thus, the disease has several types, each of which needs a certain treatment.
Symptoms
The main sign of pathology is painful sensations localized in the hip joint zone. In some cases, they radiate to the groin area. The pain is paroxysmal in nature, it occurs during the commission of motor activity. That is why doctors often confuse trochantitis with coxarthrosis.
Painful sensations do not bother if the limbs are at rest. In advanced cases, they can occur even during rest, including at night. A specific sign of an ailment in this case is that the intensity of painful sensations increases when a person lies on his side from the affected joint. This is due to the fact that the latter takes on an even greater burden.
With tuberculous trochanteritis, the pain is localized mainly in the gluteal tendons. The severity of symptoms in this case increases as the disease progresses. Over time, it becomes difficult for the patient to move the lower limb to the side. In addition, reddening of the skin and swelling appear in the area of the hip joint. Dark points can also be seen on the surface of the thigh, on palpation of which there are pronounced painful sensations. In some cases, the development of the disease is not accompanied by discomfort. It is because of this that the pathology is diagnosed late.
Septic trocharteritis is characterized by more pronounced clinical manifestations. Most often, the patient's body temperature rises sharply, he is worried about a fever and severe weakness. In addition, patients have general signs of intoxication: excessive sweating, pain, frequent episodes of headache. The active life of staphylococcus can lead to the complete destruction of the trochanter and the formation of abscesses of a purulent nature.
Diagnostics
If you experience the first alarming signs, you should contact a rheumatologist. The specialist will conduct the initial diagnosis, which consists in examining and interviewing the patient, and also draws up a referral for a comprehensive examination. Based on the results of the latter, the doctor will make the most effective treatment regimen for trochanteritis.
It is worth noting that only a competent specialist will be able to recognize the disease in a timely manner. The complexity of diagnosing a pathology lies in the fact that its manifestations are very similar to other ailments that affect the musculoskeletal system. In this regard, the disease must be differentiated primarily with coxarthrosis, dysplasia, arthrosis and arthritis.
One of the specific symptoms of trochanteritis is the absence of pain during certain movements. During the examination, the doctor asks the patient to relax his leg and make several circular movements with it. In the presence of trochanteritis, the patient will easily perform them. Most other diseases are accompanied by pronounced pain.
Another specific sign of trochanteritis is that a person retains the ability to motor activity. In other words, mobility in the leg remains even with intense pain.
To clarify the diagnosis and correctly draw up a treatment plan for trochanteritis, the doctor prescribes a series of laboratory tests. These include: analysis of blood and urine (general and biochemical), rheumatic tests. In addition, an X-ray examination is an informative diagnostic method.
Conservative treatments
Trocharteritis is a disease that requires an integrated approach. The treatment regimen is developed by the doctor individually, it depends on the form of the disease. In any case, all patients are shown sparing regimen. Any physical activity should be limited to several months. The duration of this period depends on the severity of the inflammatory process.
Comprehensive treatment of trochanteritis involves taking medication, physical therapy and physiotherapy. In extreme cases, surgical intervention is indicated.
Regardless of the severity of symptoms, treatment of aseptic trochanteritis is carried out according to a standard scheme. The goal of therapy is to eliminate the pathological focus and restore the functioning of the hip joint.
The treatment regimen consists of the following items:
- Reception or external use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. As a rule, doctors prescribe drugs whose active components are the following substances: ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketoprofen. Sometimes patients are shown injections of similar drugs. The action of the drugs is aimed at eliminating pain and stopping the inflammatory process.
- Taking painkillers. If the patient suffers from severe symptoms of hip trochanteritis, treatment of the disease also involves the oral use of Ketoprofen, Dexalgin, or Ketanov. With the ineffectiveness of these drugs, pain is stopped using novocaine blockade. In addition, the doctor may prescribe a course of intraarticular injection of corticosteroids.
- Reception of multivitamin complexes and calcium. These funds are necessary to strengthen the body's defenses and increase bone strength.
Even in the absence of symptoms, treatment for tuberculosis of the hip joint of the tuberculosis form should be carried out immediately. In such cases, the treatment scheme is developed by a TB doctor. It involves taking anti-TB drugs. In advanced cases, surgery is performed, during which the focus of the pathology is removed.
In order to treat septic trochanteritis, antiviral or antibacterial drugs are prescribed. The choice of funds depends on the causative agent of the disease. In addition, antibiotic administration in large doses is indicated in order to eliminate inflammation. In some cases, the doctor decides to administer an injection. In the presence of purulent complications, surgical intervention is indicated.
Judging by medical reviews, the treatment of trochanteritis with medications is most effective if it is supplemented with physiotherapeutic methods. The action of the latter is aimed at stopping painful sensations and eliminating the inflammatory process.
As a rule, doctors prescribe the following methods of physiotherapeutic treatment:
- Electrophoresis using Novocaine.
- Magnetotherapy.
- Phonophoresis using "Hydrocortisone".
- Ultrasound treatment
- Paraffin baths.
- Shock wave therapy.
It is necessary to engage in physical therapy after stopping an acute attack. All exercises are selected individually, taking into account the health characteristics of each patient. They are also performed exclusively under the supervision of an instructor. The goal of exercise therapy is to strengthen the thigh muscles, accelerate metabolic processes in the affected area and improve blood circulation.
Currently, a worthy alternative to physiotherapy is postisometric relaxation. This is a treatment method, the essence of which is to stretch the ligaments and muscles while maintaining the position of the body. Using this method, it is possible to reduce the degree of load on the affected joint.
Surgical intervention
Based on the feedback of doctors, the treatment of trochanteritis in most cases is successfully carried out by conservative methods. They resort to surgery in extremely rare cases.
The type of surgery used is called a bursectomy. During the operation, the doctor removes the affected articular bag. If the process of destruction of the spit is started, pathologically altered bone structures are also excised.
If the course of trochanteritis is accompanied by the formation of purulent contents, the doctor makes a puncture of the joint and pumps out the fluid. After that, the specialist rinses the cavity with antiseptic agents.
According to medical reviews, the treatment of trochanteritis of the hip joint does not take much time to identify an ailment at an early stage of development. If the patient's bone structures of the trochanter began to break down, the duration of therapy is significantly increased. As a rule, its duration is several months.
Alternative treatment of trochanteritis
It is important to understand that non-traditional methods of therapy do not eliminate the need to seek qualified medical help. This is due to the fact that often pathology is the result of serious ailments that pose a danger to the patient's health. The task of alternative treatment of trochanteritis at home is to reduce the severity of the inflammatory process and pain, or to get rid of them altogether. Thus, unconventional methods do not eliminate the root cause that caused the development of the disease.
The most effective methods of treating hip trochanteritis with folk remedies (people's reviews confirm their effectiveness):
- Grind fresh cabbage leaves as much as possible. Then pour a small amount of natural honey into the container and place it in a water bath. After the product acquires a very liquid consistency, it is necessary to remove the dishes from the fire. Then you need to thoroughly mix the cabbage leaves and honey. Apply the resulting mass to the skin in the affected area. Top you need to cover with plastic wrap and insulate with a scarf. It is necessary to leave the compress for several hours, it is allowed not to wash it off all night. In a week you need to carry out 2-3 procedures. After the first compress, the severity of pain decreases. Cabbage and honey are one of the most effective folk remedies in the treatment of trochanteritis.
- Grind young spruce buds. Transfer the resulting mass to a glass jar. But this must be done in layers. First you need to shift a little kidney, then sprinkle sugar on top. And so a few layers. Fill a jar with a capacity of 0.5 l, cover it with a gauze napkin and place in a dark but warm place. It should not be in the area of sunlight. After 2 weeks, drain the resulting liquid from the can. The resulting infusion can be used both as a grind, and use it daily at 15 ml twice a day.
- Grind wormwood leaves. Then they must be thoroughly mixed with pre- melted pork fat. Place the container with the resulting mass in a water bath. Boil the mixture until it becomes thick. After this, the remedy must be insisted within a day. After this time, ointment must rub the affected area.
Judging by the reviews, the treatment of trochanteritis with folk remedies helps to significantly reduce the intensity of pain. After several procedures, the condition of the patients improves. In addition, doctors also do not prohibit the use of patients with alternative methods of treatment of trochanteritis. . , .
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