Vascular disease: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Thanks to arteries, veins, capillaries located throughout the body, the flow of nutrients and oxygen to all organs is performed. Vascular diseases cause earlier death. All of them are often detected in children and adolescents. The symptoms of vascular diseases and their treatment are described in the article.

Features

Vascular diseases are divided into 2 groups at the location of the focus of the disease. With diseases of the central vessels, circulatory disorders in the aorta and coronary arteries of the head, neck, and spinal cord are observed.

There are still difficulties in the peripheral vessels, covering the legs, arms and abdominal region. With diseases, the lumen of the veins expands or contracts, poor patency, cramping, pain, nerve fibers are blocked. Symptoms of diseases of the vessels of the neck and other areas are different.

Atherosclerotic disease

This is a dangerous type of vascular disease in which there are serious changes in large arteries. The main reason is bad cholesterol, which accumulates in the body with an increase in bad food. Bad habits, heredity, physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disease can lead to illness.

Symptoms of vascular disease may vary depending on the type of ailment:

1. With coronary atherosclerosis, cholesterol accumulates in the vessels of the heart. With the disease, there is pain in the left part of the chest, giving to the arm. An unpleasant symptom is worse when inhaling. There is a chill, a violation of the heart rhythm. There is weakness in the limbs, fainting is likely.
2. Aortic atherosclerosis is manifested in the form of hypertension, frequent dizziness, and burning sensations in the chest. The distinguishing features include premature aging, the presence of wen on the face.
3. With abdominal atherosclerosis, peritoneal vessels become clogged. Symptoms of vascular disease include increased gas formation, impaired renal function, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain.
4. Atherosclerosis of the legs manifests itself in the form of pallor of the skin, the appearance of a venous pattern, pain in the limbs, and the development of leg diseases.
5. With cerebral atherosclerosis, vascular damage occurs in the brain - tinnitus, cephalgia, dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue, increased pressure, memory impairment occur.

At first, symptoms of vascular disease may not bother, as the disease develops slowly. Therefore, many are treated with an advanced form of pathology. For any symptoms of vascular diseases of the head and neck, you need to see a doctor.

Ischemia

Ischemia appears with a constant lack of blood in the coronary vessels that feed the myocardium, brain tissue. The reasons include physical inactivity or strong physical exertion, stress. Another ailment arises from overwork, bad habits, unbalanced nutrition, impaired carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

Symptoms of vascular disease include:

• chest pain extending to the arm, jaw - first appears after physical exertion, and then disturbs at rest;
• shortness of breath
• arrhythmia;
• frequent pulse.

In the acute form, a heart attack appears - with a disease, a large area of ​​tissue falls out of the blood circulation. The pain becomes strong and cutting, after shortness of breath appears choking, pulmonary edema.

Symptoms of coronary artery disease include cerebral dysfunction, staggering, impaired vision, hearing, memory, sleep problems, and character changes. Severe pain with ischemia is eliminated by Nitroglycerin, but with a heart attack this remedy is not effective.

Strokes

If the violation of the blood supply to the brain tissue is persistent, the nerve endings die off, due to which some functions are lost. The cause of the disease includes prolonged oxygen starvation of tissues with atherosclerosis. At first, the symptoms of cerebrovascular disease may appear imperceptibly, but over time they will be noticeable. With ischemic stroke, the lumen of the blood vessel is blocked by a thrombus or cholesterol plaque, and with hemorrhagic stroke, the damaged vessel bursts and an intracerebral hematoma forms.

Symptoms of cerebrovascular disease can manifest themselves in the form of:

• weakness and numbness of the limbs on the one hand;
• throbbing headache;
• double vision;
• nausea, vomiting;
• impaired coordination, loss of orientation in space.

With these signs, urgent medical attention is needed. With the onset of symptoms of cerebrovascular disease, a specialist should take action no later than 4 hours after the attack. Ischemic stroke is detected more often, but hemorrhagic occurs in a more severe form. Symptoms of cerebrovascular disease usually occur at night or in the morning.

Hypertension

The diagnosis is confirmed with a persistent increase to 140/90 mm RT. Art. An ailment develops from obesity, imbalance of lipids in the blood, excessive salt intake, insomnia, and frequent stresses.

Symptoms of heart and vascular disease include:

• throbbing headache in the back of the head and temples;
• noise in ears;
• the appearance of dark spots in front of the eyes;
• dizziness;
• shortness of breath, swelling of the limbs;
• nausea, vomiting.

If there is no appropriate treatment, hypertension leads to atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, cerebral hemorrhage. Symptoms of vascular disease of the head begin to manifest from 45 years.

Cardiopsychoneurosis

The development of vegetative-vascular dystonia is observed during collection in the nervous system, the deterioration of blood vessels. Doctors distinguish many causes and symptoms of the disease. The disease appears from vitamin deficiency, stress, chronic insomnia, a sedentary lifestyle. The disease is detected in children with strong mental, emotional, mental stress.

You can identify the ailment by:

• heartache;
• heart palpitations;
• Permafrost of hands and feet;
• increased sweating;
• panic attacks
• shortness of breath
• migraines, dizziness, weather sensitivity;
• upset stool, nausea, loss of appetite;
• a slight increase in temperature;
• fluctuations in arterial parameters.

VVD is a disease common among residents of hunger. It occurs in every 8 people. Usually, pathology is detected in individuals with an asthenic physique. Weak vessels strengthen by hardening, regular exercise.

Varicose veins

This disease is usually visible on the legs, but sometimes it affects the hands. With varicose veins, the arteries of the legs suffer - the lumen of the venous bed increases, the walls of the vessels weaken. Symptoms of leg vessel disease usually appear during pregnancy. Another ailment is observed in people who are forced to stand for a long time, as well as with endocrine problems, a malfunction in the functioning of the venous valve, weakness of the vascular walls, and frequent hypothermia.

The symptoms of vascular disease of the legs include the appearance of:

• bulging, swollen veins;
• pain, especially in the evening;
• spider veins, small ulcers, peeling of the skin;
• convulsions, swelling.

Varicose veins is a hereditary ailment. In order not to aggravate the symptoms of vascular disease of the lower extremities, timely treatment is required. For the prevention of the disease, venotonics with a plant base should be used, wear compression underwear.

Symptoms of leg vessel disease and their treatment are interrelated. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor first. Symptoms of vascular disease in the hands are almost the same as in diseases of the legs. On the upper extremities, wiping veins are noticeable.

Hemorrhoids

This is a venous ailment, a type of varicose veins, when there is an expansion of the cavernous sections of the final part of the rectum, venous stasis is created. The disease often appears during pregnancy or immediately after childbirth, with regular constipation, a sedentary lifestyle, frequent lifting weights, alcoholism.

Hemorrhoids are manifested by:

• bursting pain in the anus;
• itching and burning in the anus;
• bleeding during bowel movements.

Hemorrhoids can lead to anemia due to chronic blood loss. With timely treatment, you can prevent the progression of the disease to a severe stage, when it is much more difficult to completely cure the disease.

Venous and arterial thrombosis, thromboembolism

Blood clots that accumulate on the walls of blood vessels are a dangerous ailment. At any time, the clot is able to break away, which leads to death. The disease appears with endocrine and infectious diseases, after vascular surgery, with high blood viscosity, inactivity.

It will be possible to identify the disease by:

• tissue edema;
• pallor of the skin;
• dryness and peeling of the skin, ulcer;
• painful seals;
• acute hypoxia, tissue necrosis.

Thrombosis is a common ailment in lying patients. Only a doctor should prescribe treatment.

Who to contact

The vascular system is a complex mechanism in the human body. Therefore, different specialists are involved in the therapy:

1. Neurologist treats vascular ailments of the brain.
2. A phlebologist is involved in the treatment of varicose veins of the legs, thrombophlebitis, and inflammation of the venous wall.
3. A cardiologist should be consulted for heart disease.
4. An angiologist is a specialist treating ailments of arteries and the lymphatic system.
5. An immunologist treats lupus erythematosus, vasculitis.

You may also need to consult an allergist, dermatologist, surgeon. In newborns, hemangioma often appears - vascular proliferation, a convex red spot appears on the neck. Neoplasms are not dangerous, but they negatively affect blood coagulation, immunity.

You should get advice from an oncologist and surgeon, but usually specific treatment is not needed, the problem resolves itself by 10 years. Vascular problems often appear in women with menopause - female sex hormones protect the walls of blood vessels from cholesterol.

Diagnostics

Since the symptoms and treatment of diseases of the vessels of the brain and other organs are interconnected, it is necessary to accurately confirm the diagnosis. When an examination, palpation, percussion, auscultation is performed, the doctor prescribes laboratory and instrumental studies to identify the diagnosis, which will allow you to prescribe treatment.

Diagnostics is performed using:

1. Clinical blood test. Vascular inflammation is confirmed with an increase in ESR.
2. Clinical blood test. The LDH level is taken into account, an increase in the urine of this substance is evidence of ischemia and heart attack.
3. Biochemical blood test. Establishes cholesterol levels. In men, the norm is 5.9-6.5 mmol / l, and in women - no more than 5.2 units. An analysis is made for an empty stomach. The last meal should be in 10 hours.
4. Immunological test for the presence of lipoproteins in the blood.
5. Coagulogram - the process of blood coagulation is detected.
6. Angiography of vessels - contrast x-ray. It is used to determine pathologies in the vessels of the heart, legs, and brain. This method is informative, but has many contraindications, special training is needed in stationary conditions.
7. Angiography - a tomograph examines the state of blood vessels in the heart, neck, abdominal region, and brain.
8. Ultrasound Detected cholesterol plaques, their location.
9. MRI The method allows to determine vascular anomalies, the level of narrowing of blood vessels.
10. RVG of vessels. The procedure helps to detect the degree of blood circulation in the arms, legs, evaluate the tone of blood vessels.

Vascular ailments do not occur as a separate disease. Usually they are associated with malfunctions in the body.

Probable complications

Since the vessels saturate all systems with oxygen and nutrients, pathologies can appear in any organ during their illness. The negative effects relate to the heart and brain.

The consequences of vascular diseases include the appearance of:

• heart attack, stroke;
• dementia
• Alzheimer's disease;
• aneurysm;
• encephalopathy
• severe migraine;
• blindness, impaired speech, coordination;
• paralysis of the limbs;
• tissue necrosis;
• mental disorders.

Vascular ailments lead to the appearance of various ailments, due to which disability or death occurs. If you do not treat the disease, there may be a heart attack. Only a doctor should prescribe therapy.

Medication

In the treatment of vascular ailments, drugs are used that improve blood circulation, increase the lumen in damaged capillaries, and clear vessels from plaques. With the help of the right choice of drugs, it will be possible to normalize the metabolism, get rid of oxygen starvation in the tissues.

With vascular pathologies, the following is allowed:

1. Myotropic, neurotropic drugs, nitrates - “Eufilina”, “Reserpine”, “Nitroglycerin”. Medications normalize cerebral blood flow, reduce vascular tone, and have an effect on nerve fibers.
2. Calcium channel blockers - Diazema, Verapamil, Nifedipine, Amlodipine. Means do not allow to impair the flexibility of blood vessels, they strengthen the walls.
3. Cardiac preparations - “Adoniside”, “Cardiovalena”. Coronary vessels are normalized, and a lack of oxygen in the brain is eliminated.
4. Means with nicotinic acid - "Enduratsina". Medications have a positive effect even on small capillaries, but worsen liver function.
5. Herbal medicines - "Bilobila", "Cavinton." Cramps disappear with them, blood circulation is restored. The funds have few contraindications and side effects.
6. Drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels - Ascorutin, Venoton, Detralex.
7. Nootropics - Nootropil, Phenotropil. With drugs, memory, brain function improves. Funds are assigned to persons engaged in mental work.
8. Drugs for migraine - "Maxalta". With them, the tone of the vessels decreases, spasms are eliminated, anesthesia is performed, an anti-inflammatory effect is provided.
9. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents - “Heparin”, “Hirudin”. Means protect against the appearance of blood clots, reduce the risk of heart attack, improve peripheral vessels.
10. Means for cleansing blood vessels - "Cavinton", "Capillary".

People at risk require constant intake of ascorbic acid, vitamin E, fish oil.

Food

Vascular health depends on the food consumed. Fatty and fried foods, a lot of coffee, salt, sugar - all this leads to dangerous ailments. Food should consist of:

• sea ​​fish, seafood, lean meat;
• vegetable oils - olive, corn, linseed;
• cereals, bran, rye bread based on wholemeal flour, pasta from durum wheat;
• milk and dairy products with an average fat content;
• biscuits, bread rolls, homemade marmalade, marshmallows - in moderation;
• light vegetable soups, meat first courses - 1 time per week;
• nuts
• legumes, potatoes, carrots, sauerkraut, eggplant, celery, pumpkin, greens;
• seasonal berries and fruits, dried fruits, citrus fruits.

Dishes should be baked, stewed, cooked, steamed. Salt should be after cooking, in a plate. The property of thinning the blood is in hot seasonings, vegetables - chili, ginger, mustard, horseradish root, onion, garlic. With gastric problems they are not consumed.

To reduce the risk of diseased vessels, it is important to exclude fast food. Eat no more than 2 chicken eggs per week. During the day you need to drink 1 cup of coffee or strong tea.

Prevention

Vascular diseases lead to serious complications, therefore, preventive measures should be taken regularly, which reduces the risk of pathologies. The following measures will help prevent problems with the vessels:

1. Reception of "Aspirin". The product dilutes blood, so it is advised to use it for the prevention of thrombosis and heart attack - 100 mg every evening for dinner for 4-6 months. The drug should not be taken to a tendency to bleeding, in order to reduce the negative effect on the stomach, it is necessary to choose enteric types of acetylsalicylic acid - “Thrombo ACC”, “Aspirin Cardio”.
2. It is necessary to eat properly and balanced, which allows you to prevent the accumulation of cholesterol in the body, the vessels will retain elasticity.
3. You should be able to cope with stress, nervous strain. To do this, meditation, yoga, hiking, hobbies helps.
4. A regular measurement of pressure is required, recording the results in a diary.
5. Weight control - an extra 10 kg increases the pressure by 10-20 units. Eliminate bad habits.
6. Need to get enough sleep.
7. Need a sport - the load should be moderate and regular.

In order to detect vascular pathology in a timely manner, after 30 years, you must regularly undergo an examination, monitor cholesterol and blood sugars. In addition to weight, you should constantly measure the waist circumference to determine abdominal obesity. The norm in women is up to 88 cm, and in men - 102. Thanks to simple preventive measures, a healthy lifestyle, the risk of pathologies is reduced by 3 times.