Abscessing pneumonia is a disease in which an inflammatory process occurs in the lungs, accompanied by the formation of purulent foci.
Description of the disease
The disease is destructive. Depending on the causative agent of the disease and the severity, the symptoms will vary. But usually abscessed pneumonia is characterized by fever, chills. Also during the illness there is a cough with sputum. The discharge has a specific smell and pus. A person's appetite disappears, as a result of which he loses weight. To make an accurate diagnosis, an X-ray of the lungs is done. Complex treatment is prescribed. The patient is prescribed antibiotics. As well as drugs that enhance the functioning of the human immune system. In order to remove the foci of the occurrence of abscessed pneumonia, thoracocentesis and rehabilitation bronchoscopy are prescribed. Also, extracorporeal hemocorrection, namely with ultraviolet blood and hemosorption, is included in the treatment measures.
Abscessive pneumonia means a period during pneumonia, when there are foci of purulent formations. The same nature of the course of the disease has a lung abscess. The difference between these two diseases is that with an abscess, the purulent formation has a large diameter, and with pneumonia there are many purulent foci of small size.
Reasons for the appearance
Why does abscessed pneumonia occur? The main cause of the occurrence is that malicious bacteria and microorganisms appear in the body. These include:
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Friedlander wand or Klebsiella.
- Different types of enterobacteria.
- Also, pneumococcus and hemolytic streptococcus can become a source of the disease.
- Anaerobic bacteria, namely fusobacteria and peptostrptococci.
The listed microorganisms and bacteria destroy lung tissue. They are the cause of the appearance of purulent formations.
How do harmful bacteria get into the lungs?
First of all, these bacteria can enter the lungs from the nasopharynx. This happens if there are purulent foci in the person’s mouth. At risk are those citizens who abuse the use of alcohol and drugs. Also, people who have had a stroke, or those who have mental personality disorders, can contract abscessed pneumonia.
Hematogenous damage to the lungs or lymphogenesis occurs due to diseases such as:
- Furunculosis.
- Endocarditis.
- Osteomyelitis.
- Sepsis.
Also, abscessed pneumonia can occur due to the presence in the bronchi of foreign bodies and lung tumors. People who have diabetes, blood disease, and periodontal disease are more often diagnosed with abscessed pneumonia. Treatment by taking certain groups of medications can cause this ailment. For example, the use of glucocorticoids and cytostatics.
When diagnosing abscessed pneumonia, it is important to know which bacteria or microorganisms have become a source of infection. The destruction of lung tissue is due to the fact that the causative agent of the disease, for example, staphylococcus, begins to produce a large number of toxic substances. Because of this, a large number of cavities are filled with air. If they unite into one large focus, then such a disease will be called a lung abscess.
What symptoms indicate that abscessed pneumonia is present in the body?
The medical history has the same symptoms as a normal one. Especially at the initial stage of the disease. A person begins to cough, body temperature rises, pain occurs in the chest area. These pain sensations tend to intensify, especially pain is felt when breathing.
X-rays indicate the presence of this disease in the lungs. In children, asthma and neurotoxic syndrome can occur. If a person does not take any treatment measures, then his condition becomes worse and abscessed pneumonia occurs (ICD-10 assigned her code J85.1 in the case of an unspecified pathogen, as well as codes J10-J16 if it is detected). This contributes to the fact that the patient has intoxication. Chills appear, body temperature rises to 40 degrees. Appetite also gets and anorexia occurs. In addition, shortness of breath occurs. Since purulent formations in the lungs appear at this period of the disease, a person develops sputum with an unpleasant odor, and it includes bloody discharge. The patient is inactive, the skin is pale with a gray tint, delirium occurs. In the future, if abscessed pneumonia progresses, the micropreparation will show a lung abscess.
Complications
This ailment can cause a number of complications for the body. These include:
- Empyema.
- Pleurisy.
- Pyopneumothorax.
- Purulent pericarditis.
- Mediastinitis.
- Purulent arthritis.
- Sepsis.
How to diagnose pneumonia?
First of all, a person's breathing weakens, moist rales appear. A blood test indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the body - there is an increase in the level of leukocytes, ESR and SSR.
In order to accurately diagnose a person, an X-ray of the lungs is prescribed. But you should know that with pneumonia the procedure does not always show purulent foci. Therefore, in order to exclude or confirm abscessed pneumonia, it is necessary to do CTO of the chest.
Such an examination will display on the images of education with the presence of liquid and gas in them. This will indicate abscessed pneumonia. But these formations can also be signs of diseases such as tuberculosis and lung cancer. Therefore, in order not to make a mistake in making a diagnosis, the patient is assigned to undergo a sputum test. Moreover, this should be done three times. To confirm or refute the diagnosis. It is also necessary to conduct a study on antibiotic sensitivity. For this, bacteriosis of sputum or rinsing of the bronchi water is taken. Sometimes bronchoscopy is prescribed in order to confirm the diagnosis.
Therapy
In the treatment of abscessed pneumonia, the first antibiotic that comes to hand is not used. And in general, first of all, one thing must be remembered: in no case should you self-medicate. Indeed, abscessed pneumonia is considered a disease that is severe. She also allows the appearance of various complications. Therefore, in order to cure this disease, you will need both therapeutic and, sometimes, surgical measures. Firstly, a course of antibiotics is prescribed, it is selected individually for each patient. An important point is that the selection of drugs is prescribed on the basis of the tests received, namely, how the body responds to antibiotics. Also, individually determined the duration of the course.
You must carefully follow the doctor’s recommendations if you have been diagnosed with abscessed pneumonia. Complications of this disease can be very serious.
Standard drugs in the treatment of abscessed pneumonia are such drugs as Benzylpenicillin + Metronidazole, lincosamides (Clindamycin, Linkomycin), aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin / Clavulanate, Ampicillin / Sulbactam) etc. In order to eliminate the foci of suppuration, expectorants are prescribed, as well as inhalations.
Treatment regimen
People who are diagnosed with right-sided abscessed pneumonia require careful care. Firstly, they should be provided with proper nutrition, namely food with a high content of protein, minerals and vitamins. Secondly, if the patient's condition is greatly weakened, then it is necessary to make him an infusion of plasma. Also in conjunction with the above measures, support is given to the respiratory system.
Bronchoscopy is done to sanitize purulent zones. You may need to do a puncture or drainage of the abscess, washing the cavity with the use of antiseptics. Indications for the administration of antibiotics and enzymes are also possible. There is statistics that 15-25 percent of patients can not cope with this disease. This is a fairly high rate. But there is also a high probability of a person's recovery.
Risk group
It is well known that it is always better not to bring your body to a neglected state, it is advisable to take preventive measures than to be treated for a serious illness. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain your body in a healthy state and receive timely medical attention in case of any diseases. There is a certain risk group for people who are susceptible to this disease:
- Children. They are at risk. Since their immunity is in its infancy. With a high degree of probability, abscessed pneumonia may occur in children who have been taking antibiotics for a long time or have suffered any kind of disease.
- The people of old age.
- Alcoholics.
- People who have the flu and ARVI have recently had these diseases.
- Drug addicts.
- People who have chronic respiratory diseases and are carriers of infectious diseases.
- Smokers.
- Category of people with immunodeficiency.
- Those who have had chest injuries are at risk.
- Lung anomaly is a possible cause of abscessed pneumonia.
- People who have had surgery.
Prevention
Preventive measures for children are to vaccinate pneumococcal infections. Avoid flu. It is also possible to be vaccinated against this ailment. These vaccines are administered to both adults and children. Do not start any diseases, as they can pass into other more severe cases. Hardening, a healthy lifestyle, physical education, walking - all this helps to strengthen the immune system and, as a result, the absence of any diseases. At the first symptoms of infection of the body, you should immediately consult a doctor. Since timely medical care affects the speedy recovery of the patient.
Conclusion
Now you know what abscessed pneumonia is. The causes of this ailment we examined. We also described how the disease manifests itself.