By vomiting is meant an eruption (reflex) of the contents of the stomach through the oral cavity. Typically, this process is preceded by a feeling of nausea, as well as swallowing movements of an involuntary nature, increased secretion of tears, saliva and rapid breathing.
Together with the remnants of food, gastric juice, mucus, bile and other impurities, a person expels useful substances. This can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Therefore, with strong and regular vomiting, it is imperative to take a number of measures that will save all mineral substances and other elements in the human body.
One of the most popular antiemetic drugs is Motonium. Instructions for use, reviews, properties and contraindications for this medication are listed below.
The composition of the drug, its form, packaging and description
In what form is the drug Motonium produced? The instruction reports that this tool is made in the form of round and white tablets in a shell. Their active ingredient is domperidone. Also, the composition of the medication includes: lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, glycerol, corn starch, magnesium stearate and low molecular weight povidone. As for the surface shell, it consists of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyethylene glycol 6000.
You can buy Motonium tablets (from which they are prescribed, we will tell below) in blisters or plastic cans packed in cardboard packs.
Drug action
How does the Motonium drug work? Instructions for use indicate that this tool increases the duration of contractions of peristalsis in the duodenum and antrum of the stomach. In addition, it significantly accelerates the emptying of the stomach (while slowing down this process), eliminates the feeling of nausea and vomiting, and also increases the tone of the esophageal (lower) sphincter.
What is more remarkable drug "Motonium"? Reviews indicate that it promotes the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Its antiemetic effect is due to peripheral or gastrokinetic effects, as well as antagonism to dopamine receptors located in the trigger zone of chemoreceptors.
It should be noted that domperidone does not have any effect on the secretion of gastric juice.
Kinetic features
What kinetics is characteristic of a medicine like Motonium? The instruction for use claims that after taking the medication it is absorbed quite quickly.
This drug has low bioavailability (approximately 15%). Its peak concentration in the blood is observed after 60 minutes.
Reduced acidity of the gastric juice reduces the absorption of domperidone. It penetrates poorly through the BBB, and therefore its use is very rarely accompanied by side effects.
The medicine "Motonium", the instructions for use of which are presented below, is well distributed throughout the tissues. However, its concentration in the brain is negligible. The binding of the drug to plasma proteins is 91–92%.
The drug is intensively metabolized in the liver and intestinal walls. Its half-life is 9 hours, and with renal failure (expressed), this period is lengthened.
The drug is excreted by the kidneys and through the intestines.
Indications for taking tablets
In what cases can the patient be prescribed Motonium? Reviews of doctors claim that this medicine is used for a complex of dyspeptic symptoms that are associated with gastric or esophageal reflux, delayed release of the stomach, or esophagitis. Thus, the drug in question is used for flatulence, a feeling of fullness in the epigastric region, a feeling of bloating, belching, pain in the upper abdomen, and heartburn without casting (or, conversely, with casting) of the contents of the stomach back into the mouth.
What else does the Motonium medication help from? The instructions for use report that this drug eliminates the feeling of nausea, prevents the development of vomiting of an organic, infectious and functional nature, as well as radiation therapy, dietary disorders, drug treatment and the use of dopamine agonists (for example, Bromocriptine or Levodopa).
Contraindications
This medication with caution is recommended for people with liver or kidney failure. In addition, it is not prescribed for gastric or intestinal bleeding, hypersensitivity, perforation of the intestine or stomach, mechanical intestinal obstruction, as well as in the presence of prolactinoma and under the age of five years.
The drug "Motonium": instructions for use
Take the drug in question should be inside 20-35 minutes before the meal. The dosage of this drug depends on the patient's condition.
In chronic dyspepsia for children from five years of age, the medication is prescribed at 2.5 mg / 10 kg of body weight three times a day. In case of acute need, this drug is taken before bedtime. As for adults, they are prescribed 10 mg of medication (that is, 1 tablet) three times a day and, if necessary, just before bedtime.
If required, the indicated dosage can be doubled.
In acute and subacute conditions (with nausea and vomiting), adult patients are prescribed 20 mg of the drug (that is, 2 tablets) four times a day and before bedtime. For children from five years of age, this drug is recommended to take 5 mg / 10 kg of body weight three times a day and at bedtime.
Side effects
The antiemetic in question rarely causes adverse reactions. There are cases of transient intestinal spasms, as well as extrapyramidal disorders in infants and people with increased BBB permeability.
In addition, allergic reactions such as hives and skin rashes may develop while taking this medication. Sometimes this drug causes hyperprolactinemia (galactorrhea and gynecomastia).
Drug overdose
What symptoms occur when taking high dosages of the drug in question? Experts say that this drug can cause drowsiness, extrapyramidal reactions and disorientation, especially in children.
To treat such conditions, the victim is prescribed activated charcoal and antihistamines. If extrapyramidal reactions occur, antiparkinsonian and anticholinergics may be recommended to the patient.
Interaction with other means
Anticholinergic drugs neutralize the effects of domperidone.
Sodium bicarbonate, "Cimetidine" and other antisecretory, as well as antacid agents reduce the bioavailability of the drug in question.
Antibiotics belonging to the macrolide group, azole-type antifungal medications, Nefazodon, and HIV protease inhibitors increase the concentration of domperidone in the blood.
Use in pregnant and lactating women
The drug "Motonium" can be prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy, but only for special reasons.
In human milk, the concentration of domperidone is four times lower than in plasma. Specialists do not know whether domperidone in such quantities adversely affects newborns. Therefore, when taking tablets, breastfeeding should be discontinued.
Special recommendations
In people with severe renal failure, the half-life of the drug increased from 9 hours to 20. However, the concentration of this drug in the blood is much lower than in healthy people.
Due to the fact that this medication is excreted by the kidneys in small quantities, correction of its single dosage in patients with renal failure is not required. However, when taking the medicine again, its multiplicity should be reduced to two times a day (depending on the degree of insufficiency).
With prolonged use of the medication, patients should be under constant monitoring.
Shelf life and conditions
The medication in question must be kept in a dry place, protected from light, and also inaccessible to small children. The temperature of its storage should not be higher than 25 degrees.
The shelf life of this drug is 24 months. Do not take tablets after the period indicated on the package.
The drug "Motonium": patient reviews
There are a lot of reviews about the tool in question. Most often they are positive. Consumers argue that this drug quite effectively reduces bouts of vomiting and eliminates the feeling of nausea. Moreover, this medication is often used to reduce dyspeptic symptoms.
In addition to high efficiency, the advantages of this drug include its lack of serious contraindications and accessibility. It should also be noted that the drug "Motonium" almost never causes side effects, including in children over 5 years of age.