Methods of treating inflammation of the sinuses of the nose are selected separately for each patient, it all depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease, signs, as well as the presence of complications. When sinusitis occurs, patients complain of the presence of many different signs by which it is possible to determine the nature and type of the disease. Inflammation of the sinuses of the nose is divided into several forms that need to be determined before starting treatment.
With an incorrect diagnosis and therapeutic procedures, unpleasant consequences may occur. That is why with prolonged runny nose, poor health, and also constantly elevated temperature, you need to visit a doctor.
Types of inflammation
There are several classifications of sinusitis. The most important of these is localization separation. The existing symptoms and methods of treatment largely depend on this. Common signs for all types of inflammation is the presence of general infectious and intoxication syndromes.
From an anatomical point of view, such types of sinusitis are distinguished as:
- frontal sinusitis;
- sinusitis;
- ethmoiditis;
- sphenoiditis;
- pansinusitis;
- hemisinusitis.
Sinusitis - inflammation of the maxillary sinus. This type of disease is most common. In addition to the general symptoms, the patient may be disturbed by pain in the upper jaw, a feeling of fullness.
Frontitis is an inflammation of the frontal sinus. In this case, the pain spreads to the forehead area above the eyes. The pain is very intense, aggravated by movement of the head and may be accompanied by photophobia.
Ethmoiditis is often accompanied by sinusitis or frontal sinusitis. The disease manifests itself with pain in the nose, impaired sense of smell, and can also lead to inflammatory eye diseases.
Sphenoiditis is rare as an independent disease, often develops along with ethmoiditis. A person suffers from a headache of an unspecified location. By the nature of the clinical course, sinusitis can be acute or chronic.
Acute sinusitis is divided into serous and odontogenic. Chronic inflammation of the nasal sinuses is divided into:
- purulent sinusitis;
- hyperplastic;
- allergic.
With the occurrence of chronic inflammation, a curvature of the nasal septum may occur. Polyps are also often formed.
Main reasons
Before proceeding with the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses of the nose, you need to know exactly why exactly this problem occurs. Provoking factors can be divided into internal and external. Internal ones include:
- curvature of the nasal septum;
- the proximity of the roots of the teeth to the maxillary sinus;
- congenital malformations of the sinuses.
When the nasal septum is curved, sinusitis will develop precisely from the side in which it will be curved. If the roots of the teeth are located close to the maxillary sinuses, then this leads to the penetration of infection.
External causes of the problem may be such as:
- viral infections and SARS;
- bacteria
- pulpitis, caries, stomatitis.
With the penetration of infection into the nasal cavity, exudate forms and the outflow from the nasal sinuses worsens, which provokes the development of inflammation.
Symptoms
Symptoms and treatment of inflammation of the sinuses can be very different, but the main symptom is the presence of purulent discharge and pain. If the channels and sinuses are wide, then the symptoms will be minimal.
If, due to swelling of the mucous membrane, the sinus channels become narrow and there is a significant accumulation of pus, then the pain increases sharply, while the forehead, eyes and eyelids swell, and the temperature also rises. As a result of this, pus cannot flow out normally.
If sinusitis is localized in the maxillary sinus, then the cheeks and eyelids begin to swell, and the pain radiates to the forehead. In case of damage to the bones of the eyes, pain is observed in the recesses of the eyes and nose. If sinusitis is localized in the frontal sinuses, then the skin of the forehead begins to swell over the eyelid. The pain occurs literally 2-3 hours after waking up and gradually disappears in the evening. A similar condition is repeated daily and provokes the development of complications. If you lower your head, then the pain spreads to the eyes and forehead.
Symptoms of chronic sinusitis are similar to symptoms of a cold. In particular, symptoms such as:
- bad feeling;
- heat;
- the presence of purulent discharge from the sinuses;
- swelling of the mucosa;
- stuffy ears;
- labored breathing; headache.
If the first signs of the disease occur, you should definitely consult a doctor for diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Diagnostics
When the first symptoms of sinus inflammation appeared, treatment must be started immediately, as this helps to prevent the occurrence of dangerous complications. To prescribe the correct therapy, the doctor initially conducts a comprehensive diagnosis. First of all, the doctor determines the localization of the course of the disease and the causes of its occurrence.
The most common cause of sinusitis is injury to the wings or nasal septum. Other signs include viruses or bacteria.
Diagnosis of "frontal sinusitis" or "sinusitis" is possible after a conventional x-ray. It is more difficult to determine the presence of inflammation of the sphenoid and ethmoid sinus. In this case, tomography is required.
In addition to instrumental diagnostic methods, the doctor examines the patient's nose from the inside. With the help of an examination, he can notice a curvature of the nasal septum and pus localized in the area of the nasal passages. With the occurrence of inflammation in blood tests, an increase in ESR, as well as the level of leukocytes, is noted.
In some cases, a sinus puncture is required, as a result of which pus is taken. Previously, as a local anesthetic, the drug is injected into the nasal passage. By applying a puncture needle, the doctor performs a puncture of the central sinus wall, and then injects sodium chloride. With this procedure, you can disinfect your nose. After that, antibacterial or stimulants are administered.
Treatment feature
The most important thing in treating sinus inflammation is to take antibacterial agents. Be sure to remove the swelling of the sinuses. To do this, you need to instill in the nasal passages funds that expand the sinus channels.
If treatment with these agents does not bring any result at all, then the sinuses are cleaned with a special needle that punctures the inner wall of the sinuses. The chronic form of the disease is treated mainly by surgery. The treatment technique is selected only by the otolaryngologist after a comprehensive diagnosis.
Conservative therapy
When treating inflammation of the sinuses of the nose, you must follow these rules:
- the pathogen must be completely destroyed;
- eliminate provoking factors;
- stop existing symptoms;
- restore normal outflow of the sinuses;
- minimize the risk of complications.
Patients with a mild or moderate form of the disease generally do not require hospitalization. Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis under the supervision of a doctor. In the event of severe forms of the disease, as well as in the presence of complications, therapy is required in a hospital setting.
Conducting etiotropic therapy, which is aimed at eliminating the causative agent of the disease that provoked its occurrence, is very important. Antibacterial agents are widely used to treat sinus inflammation. What antibiotics are used to treat sinusitis, largely depends on the diagnosis. The doctor selects medicines separately for each patient.
When treating sinus inflammation with antibiotics, drugs from the group of macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones are mainly prescribed. Bacterial sinusitis refers to the oral administration of drugs, and in severe forms - intramuscular.
Treatment of viral sinusitis without antiviral drugs does not give any result. For the treatment prescribed “Neovir”, “Arbidol”, “Isoprinosine”. With the fungal form of the disease, antimycotic agents, in particular such as Miconazole, are required. Allergic course of the disease implies the use of antihistamines, in particular such as Tavegil, Suprastin.
In the treatment of sinus inflammation, drugs are prescribed comprehensively. To get rid of the pathology, the doctor can prescribe antiviral, vasoconstrictor drugs and sulfonamides.
In the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses of the nose, pregnant women are mainly prescribed drugs to get rid of puffiness. They help eliminate mucus and clear the nasal passages, but do not affect the condition of the fetus. However, it is worth remembering that these drugs have a good result only at the initial stage of development of the disorder. If they do not bring the desired result, the doctor selects antibacterial drugs that will be as safe as possible, but will help eliminate inflammation.
You can choose inexpensive drugs for the treatment of sinus inflammation that have a combined effect and help eliminate unpleasant symptoms. Destroy viruses and bacteria will help such means as "Polydex", "Isofra", "Normax".
For therapy, the use of physiotherapy techniques is also possible. Physiotherapy is prescribed after the acute stage of the course of the disease subsides, and 6-7 days after the onset of the first signs. A good result can be obtained from phonophoresis, diadynamic currents, warming up the inflamed sinuses, inhalations.
With the occurrence of a moderate form of the disease, it is possible to use sinus evacuation techniques. A feature of this procedure is the washing of the paranasal sinuses with a sinus catheter.
Surgical intervention
If the patient has a normal outflow of the contents of the sinus and conservative methods do not bring the desired result, then the treatment of inflammation of the sphenoid sinuses is carried out using surgery.
Laser therapy can be used to get rid of sinusitis. As a result of its use, the airway clearance increases, and breathing becomes free. In addition, the laser helps eliminate swelling of the mucosa. This technique has many advantages, namely:
- the procedure is painless and bloodless;
- does not last long;
- tissues repair quickly.
An operation is performed in a hospital. Basically, several procedures that are performed during the week are enough. In more advanced cases, treatment is prescribed for a longer time.
In especially severe cases, treatment of inflammation of the sinuses is also carried out by open surgery, during which purulent contents are removed and normal nasal breathing is restored.
Folk techniques
A good result is provided by the treatment of inflammation of the sinuses of the nose with folk remedies, however, before using them, you must definitely consult a doctor, as some drugs can provoke complications.
A simple but effective means is steam inhalation. To carry out the procedure, you need to breathe over the potatoes cooked in their uniforms. The duration of the procedure is 15-20 minutes. After that, you need to thoroughly clean your nose. Then lie down in bed and cover yourself with a blanket over your head until your face is completely cool.
Alternative methods of treating inflammation of the sinuses of the nose involve the use of hot compresses. You can warm up the sinuses with hard-boiled eggs, river sand or sea salt.
A compress, prepared on the basis of flour and natural honey, is considered effective. Both of these components must be thoroughly mixed, heated in a water bath and applied to the sinuses. Put polyethylene and wool on top. It is recommended to keep any of the compresses for no more than 20-30 minutes. After removing it, you need to cover your face with a warm blanket until it has completely cooled down.
Possible complications
With incorrect or untimely treatment, inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses can lead to complications:
- pneumonia;
- distribution of purulent contents into the skull;
- otitis;
- eye damage;
- blood clot aneurysm;
- meningitis.
Chronic course of sinusitis can trigger the development of asthma. If purulent discharge is constantly moving down the airways, then the development of lung obstruction and patient death may begin.
Forecast
If timely conduct a comprehensive treatment of sinusitis, the prognosis will be quite positive, since you can completely get rid of the existing problem. In addition, this will prevent the development of complications.
If treatment is not started in time, then sinusitis can gradually go into the chronic stage, the treatment of which is rather difficult. In addition, it provokes many negative consequences, the most dangerous of which is the death of the patient.
Preventive measures
Any disease is better to prevent than to treat it for a long time. Highlights of preventive measures:
- you need to use a protective dressing during outbreaks of infection;
- avoid hypothermia;
- timely treat colds and runny nose;
- prevent the development of allergies;
- strengthen immunity;
- keep your feet warm;
- carry out tooth sanitation;
- in the season of colds, consume a lot of fresh vegetables and fruits.
It is important to timely treat sinusitis at the initial stage, preventing the spread of pathology. This will quickly restore nasal breathing.
At first glance, sinusitis seems to be a harmless disease, but this is completely not the case. This is a dangerous disease that requires an integrated approach to treatment.