In the article, we consider a list of ACE inhibitor drugs.
Hypertension is a common disease of the heart system. Often, an increase in pressure can provoke the effect of inactive angiotensin I. In order to prevent its effect, drugs that inhibit the action of this hormone are included in the treatment regimen. These drugs are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors . The following is a list of the latest generation of ACE inhibitors.
What are these drugs?
ACE inhibitors belong to the group of synthetic and natural chemical compounds whose use has helped to achieve success in the treatment of patients with vascular and cardiac pathologies. ACE has been used for over forty years. The very first medicine was Captopril. Further, “Lisinopril” and “Enalapril” were synthesized. Then they were replaced by inhibitors of a new generation. In the field of cardiology, such drugs are used as the main means that have a vasoconstrictor effect.
The benefit of the latest ACE inhibitors is the prolonged blocking of a particular hormone, which is angiotensin II. This hormone is the main factor that affects the increase in human pressure. In addition, drugs of the angiotensin-converting enzyme can prevent the breakdown of bradykinin, helping to reduce the stability of efferent arterioles, they also release nitric oxide and increase the concentration of vasodilating prostaglandin.
New generation
In the pharmacological group of ACE inhibitors, drugs that must be taken repeatedly (for example, Enalapril) are considered obsolete, since they cannot provide the necessary effect. True, Enalapril is still a popular drug that demonstrates excellent efficacy in the treatment of hypertension. In addition, there is no confirmed evidence that ACE drugs from the latest generation (for example, drugs such as Perindopril, Fosinopril, Ramipril, Zofenopril and Lisinopril) have much more advantages over their analogues issued forty years ago.
The list of ACE inhibitor drugs is quite extensive.
Vasodilator ACE medications
Vasodilator ACE medications in cardiology are often used to treat hypertension. Here is a comparative description and a list of ACE inhibitors, which are the most popular among patients:
- The drug "Enalapril" is a cardioprotector of indirect exposure, quickly reducing pressure and reducing the load on the heart. This remedy acts on the body for up to six hours and is usually excreted by the kidneys. Rarely able to cause decreased vision. The cost is 200 rubles.
- Captopril is a short-term treatment. This drug stabilizes blood pressure well, however, this drug may require multiple doses. Dosage is determined by the doctor. It has a medication antioxidant activity. In rare cases, it can provoke tachycardia. Its cost is 250 rubles.
- The medicine "Lisinopril" has a long shelf life. It works completely independently, it does not need to be metabolized in the liver. This medicine is excreted by the kidney. The drug is suitable for all patients, even those who are obese. It can be used in patients with chronic kidney disease. This medicine can cause headaches along with ataxia, drowsiness, and tremors. The cost is 200 rubles.
- Medication "Lotensin" contribute to lowering blood pressure. This tool has vasodilating activity. It leads to a decrease in bradykinin. This tool is contraindicated in nursing and pregnant women. The drug is rarely able to cause vomiting with nausea and diarrhea. The cost of the drug is kept within 100 rubles.
- The medicine "Monopril" slows down the metabolism of bradykinin. The effect of its use is achieved, as a rule, after three hours. This drug is not addictive. It should be used with caution in patients with chronic kidney disease. The cost is 500 rubles.
- Ramipril is a cardioprotector that produces ramiprilat. This medication reduces peripheral vascular resistance, it is contraindicated in the presence of arterial stenosis. The cost is 350 rubles.
- The drug "Akkupril" can help lower blood pressure. This medicine can eliminate resistance in the pulmonary vessels. Quite rarely, this drug can cause vestibular disturbance and loss of taste (side effect of ACE inhibitors). The average price is 200 rubles.
- Perindopril medication helps the active metabolite to form in the human body. Its maximum effectiveness can be achieved already three hours after application. Rarely can cause diarrhea with nausea and dry mouth. The cost is 400 rubles. The list of drugs of the ACE inhibitors of the latest generation does not end there.
- The medicine "Trandolapril" against the background of long use reduces the severity of myocardial hypertrophy. An overdose of the drug can cause severe hypotension along with angioedema. The cost is 100 rubles.
- The drug "Hinapril" affects renin-angiotensin functions. This drug significantly reduces the burden on the heart. He is very rarely able to cause an allergic reaction and costs 360 rubles.
What is it - ACE inhibitor drugs, not everyone knows.
Classification
There are several inhibitory classifications at once. These drugs are classified depending on how they are removed from the body and the activity of the action. Modern medicine widely uses the chemical ACE classification of drugs, which includes the following groups:
- sulfhydryl group;
- carboxyl group (we are talking about dicarboxylate-containing preparations);
- phosphinyl group (phosphonate-containing medicines);
- group of natural compounds.
Sulfhydryl group
ACE inhibitors of this group act as calcium antagonists.
Here is a list of the most famous drugs from the sulfhydryl group:
- Benazepril;
- Captopril, along with Epsitron, Capoten, and Alkadil;
- Zofenopril and Zokardis.
Carboxyl group
This category of drugs has a positive effect on the lives of patients with hypertension. Such drugs are used only once a day. You can’t take them for coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and renal failure. Here is a list of the most famous drugs from this group: Perindopril along with Enalapril, Lisinopril, Diroton, Lisinoton, Ramipril, Spirapril, Quinapril and so on. Mostly, such agents are used for the treatment of renal failure and hypertension.
Phosphonate Inhibitors
These drugs have a high ability to penetrate the tissues of the human body, due to their use, the pressure, as a rule, stabilizes for a long period. The most popular remedies from this group are Fosinopril and Fozicard.
The doctor will help you choose the best ACE inhibitors.
Natural inhibitors of the latest generation
Such tools are a kind of coordinators that limit the process of strong cell stretching. The pressure against the background of their intake decreases due to a decrease in vascular peripheral resistance. Natural inhibitors that enter the body with dairy products are called casokinins and lactokinins. In a small amount they are found in garlic, whey and hibiscus.
Indications for use
The above-mentioned products of the latest generation are today used even in plastic surgery. True, more often they are prescribed to patients to lower blood pressure and to patients who have disorders in the functioning of the heart and blood vessels for the treatment of arterial hypertension. It is not recommended to use these drugs on their own, as they have many contraindications and side effects. The main indications for the use of these drugs are the following pathologies:
- the presence of diabetic nephropathy in the patient;
- with dysfunctions of the left ventricle of the heart;
- against the background of the development of atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries;
- against the background of myocardial infarction;
- in the presence of diabetes;
- against the background of obstructive bronchial disease;
- in the presence of atrial fibrillation;
- against the background of metabolic syndrome.
The latest generation of ACE inhibitors are used very often today.
Use for hypertension
These drugs effectively block angiotensin-converting enzymes. These modern medicines have a positive effect on human health and protect the kidneys and heart. In addition, inhibitors are widely used in diabetes. These medications increase cellular sensitivity to insulin, improving glucose uptake. As a rule, all new drugs for hypertension are taken once a day. Here is a list of modern inhibitors that are widely used for hypertension: “Moexjril” along with “Lozhopril”, “Ramipril”, “Talinolol”, “Fizinopril” and “Tsilazapril”.
The list of ACE inhibitors of the latest generation can be continued.
Heart failure inhibitors
Often the treatment of chronic heart failure involves the use of inhibitors. This category of cardioprotective agents in the blood plasma prevents the transformation of inactive angiotensin I into active angiotensin II. Thanks to this, its adverse effect on the kidneys, heart and vascular peripheral bed is prevented. Here is a list of cardioprotective drugs that are allowed for heart failure: Enalapril, along with Captopril, Verapamil, Lisinopril and Trandolapril.
The mechanism of action of inhibitors
The mechanism of work of inhibitors is to reduce the activity of angiotensin-converting enzymes that accelerate the transition of inactive angiotensin to active. These drugs inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, which is considered a powerful vasodilator. Such drugs reduce blood flow to the heart, reducing stress and protecting the kidneys from diabetes and hypertension.
Taking modern inhibitors
Many patients with hypertension are often interested in how to properly take new generation ACE inhibitors? Answering this question, it must be said that the use of any drugs of this group must be agreed with the doctor. Inhibitors are usually taken an hour before meals, that is, on an empty stomach. Dosage, frequency of use and the interval between doses is determined by a specialist. During therapy with inhibitors, it is necessary to abandon anti-inflammatory non-steroid medicines, foods rich in potassium.
Next, find out in which cases such medications are not recommended for patients.
Inhibitors and contraindications to their use
The list of relative contraindications for the use of inhibitors is as follows:
- the patient has moderate arterial hypotension;
- the presence of chronic severe kidney failure;
- in childhood;
- in the presence of severe anemia.
Absolute contraindications include hypersensitivity, lactation, bilateral renal artery stenosis, severe hypotension, pregnancy and hyperkalemia.
People may experience side effects from ACE inhibitors in the form of itching, allergic rash, weakness, hepatotoxicity, decreased libido, stomatitis, fever, heart palpitations, swelling of the legs and so on.
Side effect
Long-term use of these drugs can lead to inhibition of blood formation. As a result, the content of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the blood decreases. Therefore, during the treatment period, a regular repeat of the general blood test is required.
Allergic reactions and intolerances may also develop. This is manifested, as a rule, by itching, redness of the skin, urticaria, photosensitivity.
In addition, the function of the digestive system may be impaired, which will lead to a distortion of taste, nausea and vomiting, discomfort in the stomach. Sometimes people suffer from diarrhea or constipation, the liver stops working normally. In some cases, there are sores (aphthae) in the mouth.
The tone of the parasympathetic nervous system can be enhanced by the action of drugs, as well as the activation of prostaglandin synthesis. There is a dry cough and the voice changes. Symptoms can be alleviated by taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but not by using antitussive drugs. If patients have a pronounced narrowing of the renal artery, then a paradoxical increase in blood pressure is not ruled out. Hyperkalemia occurs in some cases, fractures of the bones of the extremities during a fall occur more often.
The article examined the ACE inhibitors of the latest generation.