Quite often, in adults and children, such an unpleasant phenomenon as nausea and vomiting occurs. Kids especially suffer from this - any change in diet, stress or trauma can cause regurgitation of everything eaten. In most cases, vomiting occurs after some time, following a certain diet. But if it happens more often than every hour, lasts more than a day, or children suffer from it, then a doctor must be called for sure. And since most often his visit may be delayed, first aid must be provided to the patient. Especially parents of young children should know what to do with vomiting before the doctor arrives. After all, it is very important that the child does not suffer, and there are no complications.
Why does vomiting occur?
The condition when there is a sharp emptying of the stomach through the mouth can occur for various reasons. Vomiting is a complex physiological process associated with the work of the stomach, liver, vestibular apparatus and brain. Therefore, various violations in the work of these organs can cause it:
- the most common cause of vomiting is poisoning with poor-quality food, unusual foods or medicines;
- infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract almost always cause emptying of the stomach through the mouth;
- ARVI, otitis media, pneumonia, and even a simple cough can also cause vomiting ;
- emptying of the stomach through the mouth can occur with gastritis, ulcers or abnormalities in the liver or intestines;
- injuries and concussions are also often accompanied by vomiting;
- Some particularly sensitive people and children react to severe stress in this way.
The danger of vomiting
It is not always necessary to try to stop this condition. In most cases, vomiting is associated with the ingestion of toxins, poisons, or infection in the gastrointestinal tract. In this way, the body tries to free itself from them. If vomiting is stopped artificially with the help of any drugs, general intoxication may develop. But you need to help the patient, since such a condition can cause severe dehydration. With vomit, the patient loses a lot of fluid, this is especially dangerous for children. Therefore, it is important to know what to do with vomiting in order to alleviate the condition of the patient and prevent dehydration. Such emptying of the stomach can also be dangerous in young children and patients unconscious, as they can choke.
Vomiting without fever and diarrhea
What to do if a digestive upset is not accompanied by fever and dyspepsia? The most likely explanation for this condition is poisoning with poor-quality food, chemicals, overeating, or a reaction to drugs. Most often in this case, vomiting occurs without fever and diarrhea. What if this happened?
The main thing is to remove toxins and prevent dehydration. To do this, you need to rinse your stomach as quickly as possible by drinking at least two liters of water. It should be boiled and slightly warm. To prevent dehydration, you need to drink as much water as possible. This is especially important for children. To restore the water and mineral balance of the body, you need to drink a solution of "Regidron".
And what to do with vomiting, when it is repeated often, causes noticeable inconvenience, but is not caused by poisoning? This can be understood by the absence of abdominal pain and intoxication symptoms. Before the doctor arrives, you should drink a pill of "Cerucal", which suppresses the vomiting reflex.
What to do with vomiting
If gastric emptying occurs more often than every hour, it is advisable to call a doctor. Before his arrival, you need to give the patient first aid. The easiest case is when vomiting occurs without temperature. What to do with this?
- to put the patient in bed, preferably on his side;
- drink water, tea, or unsweetened stewed fruit as often as possible;
- powders containing potassium and magnesium salts of Regidron or Oralin will help relieve the patient’s condition; if it is not possible to purchase them, then you need to dilute a teaspoon of salt and sugar in a liter of boiled water;
- it is recommended to drink activated charcoal - 1 tablet per 10 kilograms of weight;
- you can put ice on your stomach;
- with nausea, if there is no strong urge to vomit, it is recommended to smell mint essential oil or ammonia.
For intestinal infections, diarrhea, vomiting, and fever are observed. What to do in this case? Before the doctor comes, you can drink enterosorbent - activated carbon or Polysorb. It is permissible to start taking antiseptics that do not irritate the gastrointestinal tract, for example, Enterol or Ersefuril.
What can not be done
If vomiting is frequent, accompanied by pain, diarrhea or fever, and if there is a suspicion of an infectious disease or head injury, you should definitely call a doctor. Before his arrival, you can’t:
- there is;
- take antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic drugs;
- drink painkillers or anti-inflammatory drugs;
- apply a heating pad to the stomach.
Vomiting in a child
If this happens once and is not accompanied by other symptoms, there is nothing to worry about. This can happen if the child’s teeth are being cut, he tried unfamiliar food, tried to swallow a large piece, was frightened of something, or was injured. But most often, such a gastric emptying occurs with acute intestinal infections and other diseases. In this case, the child has vomiting and diarrhea. What if this happened?
- immediately call a doctor;
- the child needs to be put to bed, but directly with vomiting should put him or turn it on its side;
- do not leave the baby alone;
- after vomiting, wipe the lips and face, it is advisable to rinse the mouth;
- it is very important for the child to drink a lot: every 10 minutes give 2-3 sips;
- if the baby is breastfed, then as often as possible you need to apply it to the chest;
- it is better to drink the child with glucose-salt solutions, which can be purchased at the pharmacy or made independently.
Some surgical diseases, such as appendicitis, cause the child to experience vomiting and fever. What to do in this case? You must immediately call an ambulance. Before her arrival, you should put the child to bed, give him a little drink, and on the stomach you can put a heating pad with ice.
Diet for vomiting
Whatever the reasons for this condition, it is advisable to refuse food on the first day. This is especially important in case of poisoning. You only need to drink a lot: water, tea, rosehip broth, dried fruit compote or rice broth. To restore the loss of minerals, a glucose-saline solution is prepared.
What is needed for this?
- boil 100 grams of raisins in a liter of water for at least half an hour, rub through a sieve and strain;
- add to the broth a teaspoon of salt, half a spoon of soda and 3-4 tablespoons of sugar;
- boil the mixture for 2-3 minutes and cool.
When vomiting becomes less frequent, you can start eating a little. It is best to eat mashed potatoes, dried bread, oatmeal or rice porridge in the water or boiled lean meat. You can eat bananas and applesauce. Food should be fractional, that is, in small portions, but frequent. It is undesirable if you do not want to.
What drugs can be given
- The most important thing is to prevent dehydration and loss of minerals. To do this, you need to drink water-salt solutions: "Regidron", "Citroglucosolan" or "Oralin".
- To make it easier for the body to cope with toxins that may have got inside, enterosorbents are needed. For these purposes, activated carbon, Polysorb, Polyphepan, Filtrum Sti, Smecta or Lignosorb are used.
- With intestinal infections, frequent diarrhea and vomiting are observed. What to do in this case? Before testing, you can start taking intestinal antiseptics or antimicrobial biologics. They are active against most bacteria and do not suppress immunity. It is best to use Ercefuril, Biosporin, Bactisubtil, or Enterol.
- With infections and poisoning from vomiting, probiotics help well. It is best to use Linex, Hilak Forte, Primadofilus or Bifidumbacterin.
- In the case of indomitable vomiting due to stress, motion sickness or allergies, you can drink drugs that inhibit the vomiting reflex - “Cerucal” or “Motilium”. But they are contraindicated in intestinal infections and poisoning.