Antihypertensive drugs are used in cases where it is necessary to lower blood pressure. It increases with hypertension, as well as with symptomatic hypertension. Depending on the mechanism of their action, all of these drugs are divided into vasodilators, antiadrenergic agents, angiotensin II antagonists, calcium antagonists and diuretics.
Antihypertensive drugs - classification of drugs
Anti-adrenergic drugs have an effect on the sympathetic nervous system, these are the drugs “Klofelin” and “Methyldopa”. These drugs directly affect the central nervous system receptors and thereby cause a decrease in pressure, a decrease in heart rate. Also, these antihypertensive drugs reduce the amount of renin in plasma, have a sedative effect, and their drawback is the ability to retain sodium and water. If they are taken together with diuretics, the effect will be much better. With reserpine, it is better not to take them, so as not to cause drowsiness and depression. Elderly people need to be careful about taking these drugs, since the onset of depression and collaptoid states is possible. If canceling methyldopa and clonidine is carried out, then this is done gradually.
Ganglioblockers include drugs "Benzohexonium", "Pentamine." They block the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve nodes. Since these antihypertensive drugs block parasympathetic nodes, paresis of the gallbladder, dry mouth, and impotence may occur. After the injection, the patient should lie down for at least 2 hours with his head raised, this is necessary to prevent orthostatic hypotension.
Postganglion blockers include drugs such as Octadin, Raunatin, Reserpine. If the medicine "Reserpine" is used, then its effect lasts for several weeks. It is better to take it with diuretics, since it also retains water and sodium in the body. The medicine "Raunatit" has an antiarrhythmic effect, and after taking the drug, nasal congestion and drowsiness may appear.
Antihypertensive drugs such as alfa-blockers act quickly and for a short time, so they are usually used when a hypertensive crisis occurs. These are drugs such as Tropafen, Phentolamine, and Pyroxan. After the introduction of these drugs, the patient also needs to lie down for 1.5-2 hours. These drugs may cause dizziness, tachycardia, itchy skin, swelling of the nasal mucosa, vomiting, and diarrhea. You can not take them in the presence of coronary disease, circulatory disorders of the brain and heart failure.
Beta-blockers reduce the number of heart contractions and have a sedative, disaggregant and vasodilator effect. These antihypertensive drugs are effective for high systolic blood pressure.
Vasodilators are divided into venous and arteriolar. Representatives of the arteriolar are the preparations "Minoxidil", "Diazoxide", "Apressin". Venous and arteriolar sodium dilatator after intravenous administration has a noticeable effect, since there is an expansion of peripheral vessels, peripheral resistance decreases.
Antihypertensive agents, such as calcium antagonists (preparations "Phenigidin", "Nifedipine", "Corinfar") cause a decrease in pressure within half an hour after their administration, and the maximum effect is observed after an hour and lasts up to 6 hours. After their use, there are redness of the hands, neck, face; drowsiness, headache, swelling of the legs is possible. You can not take these drugs during pregnancy.
In the treatment and prevention of hypertension, it is necessary to adhere to a low-salt diet, regularly give the body moderate physical activity, enough sleep and, if necessary, take sedatives.