Anti-gangrenous equine polyvalent purified liquid concentrated whey is used to treat and prevent ailment such as gas gangrene. Next, consider the instructions for its use.
Dosage form and composition of medicinal serum
Presented anti-gangrenous serum is made in the form of a solution for injection. The active substances are anti-gangrenous antitoxins. An auxiliary substance is sodium chloride.
Description of the medicine and indications
Antigangrenous serum is transparent or slightly opalescent, and in addition, colorless or with a slightly yellowish tint. This liquid has no sediment.
What are the indications for administering antigangrenous serum? As a rule, it is used for wounds with crushed tissues. For example, the tool is used to treat and prevent gas gangrene.
Mode of application
For prophylactic purposes, gangrenous antitoxin is administered intramuscularly as soon as possible immediately after injury. For medicinal purposes, serum is used intravenously, extremely slowly, in a drip method, usually in a mixture with a solution of sodium chloride heated to thirty-six degrees for injection. The serum is first administered at a rate of 1 milliliter in five minutes. And then pour 1 milliliter per minute.
Anti-gangrenous serum must be administered by a doctor, or the procedure should be performed under his supervision. The amount of solution directly depends on the clinical condition of the patient. Typically, the therapeutic dosage of anti-gangrenous treatment serum is 150 thousand units.
According to the instructions for use for antigangrenous serum, before its introduction, the patient is given an intradermal test to check the patient's general sensitivity to protein. Serum is injected in a volume of 0.1 milliliter by the intradermal method into the flexion surface of the forearm. To do this, use a syringe with a graduation price of 0.1 milliliters and a thin needle. Accounting for the reaction is carried out after twenty minutes. The sample is considered negative if the diameter of the redness appearing at the injection site is less than one centimeter. A test is considered positive if the swelling with redness reaches a diameter of one centimeter or more.
In the presence of a negative intradermal test, anti-gangrenous serum is injected subcutaneously in the area of the external shoulder surface or in the subscapular sector in the amount of 0.1 milliliter. If there is no reaction, after half an hour, the entire prescribed dose of serum is injected intramuscularly into the area of the outer upper square of the buttock or into the front of the thigh (if the medicine is used for preventive purposes) or intravenously (when it comes to treatment).
Contraindications
It is worth noting that there are no contraindications to the use of this therapeutic serum, but nevertheless its use must be agreed with the doctor. Direct injections are also performed with the help of a specialist.
Gas gangrene
Gas gangrene is a very serious infectious process that develops as a result of infection of the wound with anaerobic bacteria that live in the ground, and in addition, are contained in street dust. Particularly prone to the appearance of such a pathology are patients with extensive wounds, accompanied by massive crushing of muscle tissue and the appearance of areas with extremely poor blood supply.
Gangrene is a disease that can be caused by bacteria from the group of clostridia living normally in the intestines of herbivores, from where they penetrate the ground, onto clothing, and so on. In some situations, they can be found in feces, and in addition, on the skin of healthy people. Parasites reproduce exclusively in an oxygen-free environment. But in the presence of oxygen, they can persist for a very long period of time as spores. Next, let's talk about the therapy and prevention of gas gangrene.
Treatment
Gangrene is a necrosis of body tissues, which is accompanied by their rot. Therapy of the disease includes emergency surgical treatment in combination with active general medical support. The wound is widely opened through strip incisions (wide longitudinal incisions are performed throughout the entire segment, the skin, the fascia and subcutaneous tissue are dissected). All non-viable tissue is excised, the wound is washed with a solution of hydrogen peroxide. If there are suspicious sites in the adjacent segment, a strip incision is also made.
Wounds are mandatory left open and loosely drained with gauze, which is saturated with hydrogen peroxide or a solution of potassium permanganate. During the first three days, the dressing is performed three times, in the future every day, once.
Amputation
In the presence of rapid progression, involvement of all soft tissue in the process and necrosis of the limbs, amputation or exarticulation are performed. Amputation is carried out by the guillotine method, cutting off all layers at the same level. The wound is left open, strip incisions are made on the cult. Then the wound is drained using gauze soaked in a solution of hydrogen peroxide.
Immediately after the diagnosis is established, massive infusion therapy begins using albumin, plasma, a solution of proteins and electrolytes. With the development of anemia, a blood transfusion is performed. Antibiotics are administered in high doses intravenously or intraarterially. In the postoperative period, patients are prescribed hyperbaric oxygenation. The intravenous administration of antigangrenous serum is performed. When the pathogen is installed, monovalent serum is used, as a rule. And with an unidentified pathogen - polyvalent.
Treatment and prevention of gas gangrene should be timely and comprehensive.
Pathology Prevention
The main tool for the prevention of gas gangrene is the implementation of an adequate and timely primary treatment of the wound surface along with the appointment of antibiotics with a wide range of effects. During processing, all non-viable tissue should be excised, and in addition, the bottom and edges of the wound. It should be remembered that antibiotic treatment is mandatory for use in any extensive wound, especially with profuse contaminated injuries and those associated with tissue crushing. The prophylactic use of antigangrenous sera is not effective enough and may cause the patient to develop anaphylactic shock.
Patients with gas gangrene are isolated, they are allocated a separate nursing post. As for the dressing, it is immediately burned, and tools with linen are subjected to special treatment. Clostridia spores can have a sufficiently high resistance to boiling, in this regard, the tool must be processed under conditions of increased pressure in a steam sterilizer or in dry heat cabinets. Any medical procedures must be carried out only with rubber gloves, which, upon completion, are burned or immersed in a disinfectant (for example, in lysol, chloramine or carbolic acid).