In the modern world, there are quite a few diseases that overtake not only adults, but also children. To avoid negative consequences, it is necessary to consult a qualified doctor at the first symptoms. Enuresis is a pathological disorder of the functioning of the body, in which a person experiences involuntary urination. In most cases, this happens during sleep, however, it happens when people have dysuric disorders when coughing or sneezing, as well as laughing. It also happens that the exit of urine occurs after a short period of time after visiting the toilet. In this case, both men and women are affected by enuresis disease, regardless of age category.
Violation of the functioning of the organs of the genitourinary system introduces many inconveniences in the daily life of a person. Many people, faced with a similar problem, prefer to hide the pathology because of a sense of shame. However, there is nothing wrong with this, and the disorder itself is treatable. Let’s try to understand why a person is forced to urinate, what clinical manifestations it is accompanied by, and also what methods of therapy are used in modern medicine to combat the disorder.
Classification
If in the body all internal organs and systems are working correctly, then the excretion of waste products occurs correctly. However, due to certain deviations or diseases, as well as due to various negative factors, involuntary urination develops. The center of the brain that controls the entire system begins to function abnormally. Moreover, pathology can take many forms and manifest itself in completely different ways.
Modern medicine distinguishes the following forms of disorders of the urinary organs:
- Enuresis - the inability of a person to control the process of urine excretion. Most often manifested in young children and the elderly.
- Stranguria - frequent and uncontrolled urination, which are accompanied by severe pain. In this case, the discharge occurs in a small amount.
- Pollakiuria - urination too frequent, the cause of which is inflammation of the urinary canals.
- Ishuria is a pathology in which it becomes impossible to independently go to the toilet. For urine excretion, special devices are used, the most common of which are catheters.
- Dysuria - difficulty involuntary urination in men and women, the cause of which is blockage, spasms and squeezing of the excretory tract.
- Polyuria is an excessive formation of waste products, as a result of which a person much more often wants to use the toilet. In some cases, people accumulate up to three liters of water per day. As a rule, this is due to excessive fluid intake, but in some cases, the pathology can be associated with serious health problems.
- Oliguria is an insufficient urine formation that can occur due to fluid retention in the body, internal bleeding, or an upset digestive system.
- Nocturia - involuntary urination in women, men and children, which occurs at night during rest. In most cases, the disease is caused by a lesion of the ANS or chronic renal failure.
- Anuria - a complete lack of urine. A pathology of this kind is rarely diagnosed in patients, but it can be associated with a large number of problems of a different nature.
Each type of dysuric disorder has its own specific features, and also requires complex treatment with a specialist.
Causes of Enuresis
Let's dwell on this in more detail. Nowadays, a very common problem is involuntary urination in men. The reasons can be very different, since the process of excretion of waste products is associated with the work of many organs and systems, as well as the muscles of some groups. The somatic and autonomic nervous system, which must function in close interconnection, is responsible for collecting, retaining and eliminating renal excrement. They control the work of the muscles of the bladder and sphincters of the urethra. If there are any problems in the functioning of these systems, then it is difficult for a person to remove fluid from the body. In addition, pathology can develop due to the malfunction of some other internal organs, harmful microorganisms, genetic abnormalities and various infectious diseases.
Very often, the causes of involuntary urination in women and men, regardless of age, are as follows:
- Strong physical or psychological strain.
- Long stay in the cold.
- Intoxication of the body.
- Alcohol abuse.
- Taking various medications.
- Diabetes.
- Malignant tumors.
- Appendicitis.
- Head and spine injuries.
- Neurological disorders.
- Promiscuous sexual intercourse.
- Congenital pathologies and disorders in the development of the urinary system.
In addition to all of the above, involuntary urination in men can be associated with the physiological characteristics of their body. Pathology can be triggered by diseases such as inflammation or benign prostatic hyperplasia, genital prolapse, prostate adenoma, and narrowing of the foreskin. Only a qualified specialist can determine the exact cause of the problem after a comprehensive examination of the patient, so it is best to go to the hospital.
Involuntary urination in women is often the result of PMS, cystitis, endometriosis, cancer, pregnancy, prolapse or prolapse of the uterus, reflex ischuria, as well as various pathologies of the external genital organs.
Clinical manifestations
What are they like? The most common causes of involuntary urination were considered above, so now we need to talk about the symptoms of this pathological disorder.
They may be as follows:
- Pain during bowel movement.
- Darkening of urine.
- Weak stream.
- Prolonged urination with interruptions.
- Discomfort in the perineum.
- Severe pain in the lower abdomen.
- Discharge of white from the urethra.
If you have similar symptoms, as well as occasionally or constantly involuntary urination after urination, then you need to seek help from a doctor. Self-medication can only slightly alleviate clinical manifestations and briefly make you feel better. However, without proper treatment, the problem will not disappear anywhere and will constantly make itself felt.
What is the danger of lack of therapy for enuresis?
This issue should be given special attention. In the early stages of the disease, a pathological disorder responds well to treatment, however, if nothing is done, then various serious complications can develop.
As noted by medical staff, the consequences may be as follows:
- Acute renal failure.
- Acute pyelonephritis.
- Macrohematuria.
- Irritation of the epidermis of the genitals.
- Severe intoxication, which can lead to the death of the patient.
It is worth noting that the scary is not so much involuntary urination as the consequences that this pathology can lead to. Therefore, at the first signs of an ailment, you need to start treatment as soon as possible, since any disease is much easier to defeat in the early stages.
Enuresis in children
Involuntary urination in a child is a very common problem. A particularly similar situation manifests itself at night. In this case, up to five years of age, incontinence is quite common, since the child has not yet well developed neural connections in the brain, and he simply does not understand when he wants to go to the toilet. If there are few cases of urination, then there is no reason to worry up to 7 years. But if the condition does not go away as one grows up, it means that the baby has any health problems.
Sound the alarm and go to the hospital if the baby urinates in bed twice a month or more. The doctor will perform an examination of the child, prescribe certain tests and, if necessary, send them to a consultation with relevant specialists. If pathologies in the body and developmental abnormalities are not detected, then no procedures will be prescribed.
It is worth noting that if children show involuntary urination in a dream and suffer from nightmares, this is also considered normal. In this case, you should take a wait and see position for the baby. Very often, as the brain grows and develops, the problem disappears on its own.
Pathological disorders in pregnant women
Involuntary urination when coughing is what every woman who wears a baby in her tummy is faced with. This is due to the fact that an expanding uterus begins to create pressure on other internal organs, including the bladder. Since the problem here is not related to deviations in the functioning of the systems, no treatment is required. After childbirth and recovery, incontinence goes away on its own.
Diagnosis of enuresis
The treatment of involuntary urination in men and women is selected individually, depending on the cause of the development of the disorder.
To determine it, doctors conduct a comprehensive examination of patients, and also prescribe the following studies:
- Analysis of urine.
- Palpation of the lower abdominal region.
- Bacteriological sowing.
- Smear on STDs.
- Ultrasound of all internal organs responsible for urine excretion.
- General blood analysis.
All of the above research methods are standard and are prescribed by urologists to all patients who complain of involuntary urination. In addition, in some cases, narrow specialists can send patients for excretory urography, computed tomography, MRI and cytoscopy. Also, depending on the etiology of the disease, consultation with specialists such as a neurologist, therapist, and nephrologist may be required, and it would be useful for women to appear to the gynecologist.
The main methods of therapy
When the doctor determines the cause of the pathological disorder, he will be able to choose the optimal and most effective treatment for involuntary urination in women and men. Medications and procedures are selected based on the clinical picture observed in the patient. In most cases, a set of measures is selected aimed at strengthening muscles, fighting infections, improving the functioning of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system, as well as normalizing hormonal levels.
Physiotherapy
Patients suffering from disorders of the functioning of the urethra are recommended to perform a set of special physical exercises aimed at implementing a huge number of functions, among which the main ones are as follows:
- Improvement of blood circulation.
- Normalization of metabolic processes.
- Stimulating normal urine excretion.
- Activation of all processes in the body.
- Strengthening the muscle departments involved in the work of internal organs.
- Normalization of lung function.
Patients are advised to perform breathing exercises, engage in cycling and swimming, improve stretching, ski, walk and run as much as possible.
Drug therapy
Medications are prescribed if urinary incontinence is caused by an infectious or viral disease. As a rule, they make themselves felt already from the first days, but after 2-4 days the symptoms subside. Medicines are selected on the basis of laboratory tests after an accurate diagnosis.
Most often, doctors prescribe the following funds:
- Trimethoprim.
- Amoxicillin.
- Ciprofloxacin.
- "Fluconazole".
- Furadonin.
- "Acyclovir."
- Cycloferon.
Depending on the disease, treatment can be carried out both inpatient and outpatient. The duration of therapy can vary from 10 days to several weeks.
It is worth noting that when taking pills, you must strictly adhere to the doctor's recommendations, since some drugs are incompatible with each other. In addition, it is very important to observe bed rest and drinking. To improve blood circulation and accelerate the healing process, you can warm the abdominal region with a heating pad. Throughout the course of therapy, it is worth abandoning the use of tea and coffee, carbonated drinks and alcohol.
Surgical intervention
If physiotherapy and drug treatment do not bring any result, then in this case, the doctor may prescribe an operation.
Its main goals are:
- Creation of an artificial channel for the excretion of waste products.
- Enlarged sphincter by injecting fibrillar protein or adipose tissue.
- Elimination of congenital malformations.
- Removal of malignant tumors, if any.
- Implantation of an implant in the walls of the bladder, which will contribute to normal muscle contraction.
Surgery refers to radical methods of therapy, which are prescribed only in the most difficult situations. In most cases, physical exercise and medication are enough for patients to recover.
Alternative medicine
It is very difficult and long to treat urinary incontinence exclusively with folk remedies, however, they will be an excellent addition to the main therapy program. With their help, you can muffle symptoms and improve well-being.
With enuresis, the following has good effectiveness:
- alcohol tincture made on the basis of a tea rose;
- walnuts;
- a decoction made from birch leaves;
- vodka infused with chopped rose hips.
It is worth noting that before starting to take any folk remedies, it is recommended that you first consult with your doctor in order to avoid various negative consequences during drug therapy.
Preventive actions
Incontinence can be cured, but its development is best prevented.
To do this, do the following:
- Periodically undergo a comprehensive examination in a hospital.
- Timely treat STDs.
- Avoid random sexual intercourse.
- Eat a healthy diet.
- Exercise to keep your muscles toned.
- Lead a healthy lifestyle.
- Ensure a good rest and a healthy sleep.
- Perform hardening of the body.
- Follow basic hygiene rules.
- Do not overexpose renal discharge in the bladder.
By following these simple tips, you can significantly reduce the risk of developing enuresis. However, it cannot be completely ruled out, therefore, for any symptoms of the disorder, you should contact the hospital.