Ampiox is a combination of two different active substances in the antibacterial spectrum: ampicillin and oxacillin. These are two bactericidal substances that act on different groups of microorganisms. It is active against gram-positive microorganisms (pneumococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, meningococcus, shigella, gonococcus, influenza bacillus, salmonella).
Ampicillin is a bactericidal and acid resistant semi-synthetic drug of the penicillin group. It has activity against a group of bacteria that do not possess the property of penicilliase formation.
Oxacillin is an antibiotic of the penicillin group of semisynthetic origin, which has acid resistance and resistance to pinicilliasis. It is characterized by antibacterial properties in relation to penicillin-resistant staphylococci.
The combination of drugs that make up the drug is ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.
Instructions for the use of "Ampioksa" will be presented in this article.
Composition and release forms
For oral administration, the drug is available in the form of 250 mg capsules, packaged in blister packs of 10 capsules each or in jars made of dark glass, 20 capsules each.
One cardboard package contains 20 capsules: 2 cell packs of 10 capsules or 1 can - 20 capsules.
Each 250 mg capsule contains a combination of components in equal proportions 1: 1: oxacillin sodium and ampicillin trihydrate.
Ampioks for parenteral administration is available in 100, 200 and 500 mg vials. On the package it is indicated for which administration this form is intended.
pharmachologic effect
According to the instructions for use with Ampioks, the level of maximum concentration of active components during oral administration is created on average within 1-2 hours.
After intramuscular administration, the maximum concentrations of both antibiotics in the human body are created on average within an hour. When administered intravenously, the time to create maximum concentration is reduced compared with that after intramuscular injection.
Both antibiotics are eliminated from the body by the kidneys, and in part by the liver. The drugs do not have the ability to cumulate with repeated administration.
Indications for use:
As indicated by the instructions for use with Ampioks tablets, they are used for the following diseases:
- erysipelas;
- acute and chronic bronchitis;
- chronic sinusitis;
- otitis media of unspecified nature;
- pneumonia without diagnosis of the pathogen;
- bacterial meningitis without specifying the bacterial pathogen;
- agranulocytic tonsillitis ;
- cholangitis;
- cholecystitis;
- acute and chronic jade;
- cystitis;
- pyelonephritis;
- urethritis and urethral syndrome;
- inflammatory processes of the cervix;
- infectious diseases of the kidneys;
- gonococcal infection;
- acute sinusitis;
- local skin infections.
Also, the medication is used as a preventive and therapeutic measure of infectious infections of children in the neonatal period, including when infection of amniotic fluid is detected, as well as to prevent purulent inflammatory processes after operations of patients with reduced immunity, the risk of aspiration pneumonia, etc.
If you believe the instructions for use, "Ampioks" is widely used for any severe forms of generalized infection, for example, sepsis in the postpartum period, endocarditis.
Existing contraindications:
- in case of hypersensitivity to the active substances of the drug;
- infectious mononucleosis;
- lymphocytic leukemia.
The drug is used with extreme caution in chronic kidney diseases, as well as in children born to mothers who have intolerance or a high level of sensitivity to penicillin antibiotics.
Oral route of administration - dosage
Tablets are taken orally.
The volume of the maximum daily dose is divided into 4-6 receptions as prescribed by the doctor. The duration of the course is recommended by a specialist and is usually 1-2 weeks.
Adults and children from 14 years old - the maximum daily dosage is 500-1000 mg. It is divided into 4 doses, thus, the volume of a single dose is equal (500-1000 mg), it is 2-4 capsules of 250 mg.
Children's age from 7 to 14 years - prescribed based on the dosage of 50 mg / kg of body weight. From 1 year to 7 years - prescribed based on the dosage of 100 mg / kg body weight.
What does the instructions for use with Ampioks injections tell us?
Parenteral Injection
As for oral forms, the volume of the prescribed daily dose is divided into 3-4 doses. The interval is 6-8 hours.
With intravenous and intramuscular injection (drip, jet), the maximum daily dose for adult patients and children from 14 years old is 3-6 g.
For children 7-14 years old - 100 mg / 1 kg per day, 1-7 years - 100 mg / 1 kg per day.
Children up to a year and newborns 100-200 mg / 1 kg per day.
In especially severe forms of infections, the recommended daily dosage volumes may increase.
To administer the drug intramuscularly, the contents of the vials (200 and 500 mg) must be dissolved in 2 and 5 ml (respectively the dosage of the vial) of water for injection.
To administer the drug intravenously by a jet method, a single dose must be dissolved in water for injection (10-15 ml), as well as in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (10-15 ml).
For the introduction of the drug intravenously by a drop method, adults are recommended to dissolve a single dose in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (100-200 ml) or in a 5% dextrose solution (100-200 ml).
The recommended injection rate per minute is 60-80 drops.
For the introduction of the drug intravenously by the drop method, children are recommended to use 5-10% dextrose (glucose) solutions as a solvent. A single dose is recommended to be dissolved in 30-100 ml of the recommended solution.
Injections are carried out immediately after preparation of the solution.
The duration of the course of intravenous administration of the drug is on average 5-7 days. After the recommended transition to the intramuscular route or oral.
This is confirmed by the instructions for the use of "Ampioksa" in ampoules.
Side effects
When using the drug, adverse reactions are noted in the form of allergic manifestations (urticaria, redness of the skin, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis), fever, arthralgia, eosinophilia).
In extremely rare cases, anaphylactic shock may occur. The possibility of developing superinfection, dysbiosis, taste changes, reactions from the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, nausea, diarrhea), leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia is noted.
With intravenous administration with phlebitis and periphlebitis, as well as with intramuscular administration at the injection site, infiltrate and soreness may occur.
At the first signs of anaphylactic shock, emergency measures must be taken: administer antihistamines, glucocorticosteroid drugs (prednisone or hydrocortisone), and if necessary, provide accessible resuscitation methods.
All this is described in detail by the manual for Ampioks.
special instructions
During the course of treatment with this drug, monitoring of the state of the circulatory system, as well as the condition of the liver and kidneys is necessary.
Since during the period of treatment with the drug there is a chance of developing superinfection, it may be necessary to change the tactics of antibacterial exposure.
Patients with increased sensitivity to penicillin antibacterial drugs may experience a cross-allergic reaction with cephalosporin antibiotics.
The use of the drug in high doses in patients with chronic renal disease can cause toxic effects on the central nervous system.
According to the instructions for use, "Ampioks" is approved for use during pregnancy according to indications.
In breast milk, a low concentration of the drug is noted. If there are indications for its use during lactation, it is recommended to consider the issue of suspension of breastfeeding.
When using the drug in patients with liver failure, monitoring of the state of liver function is necessary. This information contains instructions for use.
Analogs of Ampioksa
We noted above that this drug is a combination of two antibacterial components: ampicillin and oxacillin - semisynthetic analogs of penicillin. Moreover, the spectrum of their antibacterial action is represented by different groups of microorganisms. Thus, these two components in the “Ampioksa” are designed to complement each other. In fact, these are two different drugs combined in one form.
Accordingly, it can be replaced by separate means “Ampicillin” and “Oxampicin”. If they are used together, then we get the same action as that of one "Ampioksa".
As analogues of a complex preparation containing the same active substances (ampicillin and oxacillin), the pharmaceutical market has many trade names:
- Amoxil
- Amoxicillin;
- "Flemoxin (Amoxicillin) Solutab";
- Amoxicillin-Forte;
- Ospamox;
- "Graximol."
A good modern analogue is Ampicillin-Forte. This is a stronger drug, so it is not recommended for use by children under 16 years of age. He also noted a greater severity and frequency of side effects.
This medicine has been known to be used for at least three decades. In 1995, the production of Ampiox in the form of capsules was established, which replaced the form of its release in the form of tablets. The tool is somewhat outdated and has lost its effectiveness compared to its more powerful analogues. In outpatient treatment, amoxicillin, amoxicillin / clavulanate, tabletted forms of cephalosporins, macrolide antibiotics are currently used.
According to pharmacologists, Ampioks contains lower doses of active substances than the recommended therapeutic. In addition, its constituent substances have different degrees of metabolism, which also reduces their effectiveness.
For intramuscular injections, instead of Ampioks, Flemoxin, Augmentin, Ospen, and Oxacillin are often used. For oral administration, these drugs are also used.
We reviewed the detailed instructions for use.
Reviews about Ampioks
Reviews about the drug are mostly positive. Thanks to the double action, it quickly helps, with proper use it rarely causes side effects. However, low efficiency is noted in the treatment of infections of the genitourinary system, since strains of E. coli of the uropathogenic variety have a sufficiently high resistance to aminopenicillins. Perhaps this is why this drug is not so widely represented on the market.