Amoxicillin trihydrate is an antibiotic drug of the semisynthetic penicillin group . It has a wide spectrum of action. Very often, doctors prescribe this drug for their patients with a wide variety of infectious diseases. From this article you will learn information from the instructions for use of amoxicillin trihydrate.
Composition and active substance
The drug is sold in the form of gelatin capsules with a red cap. Inside the capsules is a granular powder of light gray color.
The composition of one capsule: amoxicillin trihydrate - 573.9 mg, gelatin - up to 96 mg; capsule lid: titanium dioxide (E171) - 0.5 mg, dye "sunset" yellow (E110) - 0.13774 mg, azorubine (E122) - 0.1 mg; capsule body: titanium dioxide (E171) - 0.6 mg. Some pharmacological companies may also add lactose.
The price of amoxicillin trihydrate depends on the amount of active substance and the margin of the pharmacy network. On average, a package of tablets will cost the buyer from 100 to 300 rubles.
Brief information on the active substance
The pharmacological precursor of amoxicillin trihydrate is ampicillin. Amoxicillin has a higher acid resistance, it is almost completely absorbed by oral administration. Alas, like the precursor ampicillin, amoxicillin is quite hepatotoxic. The bioavailability indicator has nothing to do with food intake, which means that the patient can take amoxicillin trihydrate tablets at any time convenient for him, and this will not affect the absorption.
In about 2 hours, the medicine is completely absorbed in the intestine. 3 hours after administration in the blood, a consistently high concentration of the active substance can be observed. In the lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract, the concentration is low, because of this, the drug is not prescribed for the treatment of intestinal infections.
The active substance is almost completely destroyed by the action of bacterial enzymes beta-lactamases. Therefore, it does not make sense to prescribe it for the treatment of diseases provoked by beta-lactamase-producing strains.
pharmachologic effect
Amoxicillin trihydrate is an antibiotic of the extensive pharmacological group of semisynthetic penicillins. It has a wide spectrum of action. In its molecular formula, it is a partial analogue of ampicillin. This drug is characterized by a mild, but no less effective bactericidal effect.
It is active against aerobic gram-positive and aerobic gram-negative bacteria.
Microorganisms and substances that produce penicillinase, during laboratory studies showed resistance to the effects of the drug.
With the interaction of the antibiotic substances amoxicillin and ampicillin, it is typical that the bacteria will have cross-resistance to them.
Indications for use
The active substance passes the histohematological barrier perfectly. Quickly and effectively creates therapeutic concentrations.
The drug is most effective for diseases of an infectious nature of the following body systems:
- urinary system;
- gastrointestinal tract (with the exception of the lower intestine);
- skin problems, dermatitis of an infectious nature, furunculosis;
- upper respiratory tract.
Often prescribed in the treatment of various forms of gonorrhea, salmonella, Lyme disease. With these ailments, it is unacceptable to self-medicate. The exact dosage of the drug can only be prescribed by the attending doctor after receiving the results of the tests.
In severe infections, it is preferable to use amoxicillin trihydrate and clavulanic acid at the same time. It is acceptable to use both in tablet and injection form.
Amoxicillin trihydrate for animals
The drug is used to treat livestock and cats, dogs. For 40 years, it has been actively used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of:
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of a bacterial nature - gastroenteritis, gastroenterocolitis;
- respiratory diseases - bronchitis, pneumonia in animals;
- after surgical interventions with abscesses, various kinds of inflammation;
- infectious pathologies of the urinary system in animals (endometritis, urethritis, pyelonephritis);
- in the treatment of mastitis, leptospirosis, actinomycosis, parainfluenza and paratyphoid in pigs and cattle.
Instructions for use of amoxicillin trihydrate for animals recommends the use of an injection form of administration, since the tablet is poorly absorbed in many representatives of the animal world.
Recommended Dosages
The initial dosage for adults should not exceed 1500 mg (these are three 500 mg tablets) per day. Between receptions of each capsule or tablet should not pass less than 3 hours.
At the discretion of the attending physician in severe cases of the disease, the daily dose may be increased to 2 g of the drug.
In the acute course of gonorrhea, a double dose of the drug is recommended, 2 or 3 g at a time. After a day, it is necessary to re-pass the tests to make sure the effectiveness of the therapy.
In case of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, 1 to 2 g per day is recommended. The duration of therapy depends on the severity of the symptoms and the health status of the patients.
Salmonella carriage - from 1.5 to 2 g. Testing is constantly necessary to monitor the effectiveness of therapy.
Drug interaction
Amoxicillin is able to stimulate the functionality of indirect anticoagulants. In parallel with this, it suppresses the intestinal microflora and reduces the prothrombin index.
The simultaneous administration of amoxicillin with bactericidal antibiotics leads to synergism; with bacteriostatic antibiotics is incompatible.
Women taking oral hormonal contraceptives should pay attention to the fact that with the simultaneous administration of amoxicillin, the probability of conception increases by 8%.
With the simultaneous administration of the drug with alcohol tinctures, an increase in the sedative effect most often occurs. Cases of coma development were recorded in case of an overdose of amoxicillin while taking alcoholic medicinal tinctures.
Contraindications
You should refrain from taking the drug in the presence of the following diseases:
- lymphocytic leukemia;
- Infectious mononucleosis;
- allergic diathesis;
- respiratory viral infections;
- hypersensitivity to penicillins;
- bronchial asthma.
With liver failure, cirrhotic state and other chronic liver diseases, co-administration with clavulanic acid is prohibited. Taking amoxicillin trihydrate for liver problems is possible only after the appointment of a doctor.
Use by pregnant women
This antibiotic freely penetrates the placental barrier. After a couple of days of administration, it already accumulates in the tissues of the embryo. Due to such an obvious effect on the fetus, amoxicillin trihydrate is prescribed to pregnant women only in extreme cases. The expected benefits of treatment for the mother should be higher than the perceived risk to the unborn child.
To date, there are many more modern and safer antibiotics for women in the market than this drug. There are no data on mutagenic and embiotoxic effects on the fetus - no one has conducted these studies.
In this regard, amoxicillin trihydrate during pregnancy in rare cases can still be prescribed to the patient, but they refer the drug to the category of influence on the fetus according to the FDA - B. This means that there have been no reliable studies on the absence of negative effects on human material.
Amoxicillin treatment in children and adolescents
Acceptable therapy for children from 3 years. You should give preference to the variants of the drug in the form of a suspension with a sweet taste ("Amoxisar").
Use the drug carefully to treat children who are prone to allergic reactions. It is necessary to carefully study the list of contraindications in order to prevent deterioration. Suppose a joint intake with drugs containing clavulanic acid.
The dosage of amoxicillin trihydrate for a child should be clarified by the attending pediatrician.
special instructions
You should start taking small doses if patients have a pronounced tendency to allergic reactions. Perhaps the development of Quincke's edema, urticaria, itching, nausea. If allergic seizures were previously recorded (not even on drugs), you should start taking it as carefully as possible.
Amoxicillin in combination with metronidazole is prohibited for patients under 18 years of age.
In the presence of chronic hepatitis, hepatosis and cirrhotic liver disease, amoxicillin trihydrate is not recommended. This is possible only in extreme situations with a threat to the patient's life and the absence of antibacterial drugs with less toxic load on the liver and gall bladder.
Against the background of combination therapy, ethanol is not recommended. This increases the toxic load on the liver and increases the risk of an allergic reaction.
Analogues of the drug
Here are the most popular drugs in which amoxicillin trihydrate is the main active ingredient:
- Amoxisar
- "Grunamox";
- Gonoform;
- Amosin;
- "Ecobol".
Some of them are available in tablets and capsules for oral administration, some in the form of suspensions or ampoules for injection. The principle of use and dosage in each case will be different.
Analogues of amoxicillin trihydrate are no worse than the original drug. The difference in price is small. So it makes no sense to give preference to any one of them.
The opinion of doctors about this drug
Many therapists speak negatively about amoxicillin trihydrate-based products, considering them morally obsolete. They justify this point of view by the fact that many bacteria have long been resistant to its effects. Thus, taking high doses of a liver toxic substance causes the body only harm.
But most therapists and pediatricians continue to prescribe amoxicillin trihydrate based agents to their patients. Often clavulanic acid is often prescribed in parallel in order to "finish off" the activity of bacteria that have resisted amoxicillin alone.