Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle type 1 - what is this disease, and how should it be treated? We will give the answer to the question in the materials of the presented article. In addition, you will learn about why such a pathological condition occurs, and by what obvious signs it can be recognized.
general information
Before answering the question of why diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle type 1 occurs, it is necessary to find out what this organ is.
The left ventricle is one of the 4 chambers of the human heart . It is in it that blood circulation (large circle) originates , which ensures a continuous flow of blood in the body.
What kind of disease?
Diastolic dysfunction of the presented part of the heart is called a significant decrease in its ability to distill the blood into its cavity from the pulmonary artery. In other words, this pathological condition leads to the inability to ensure normal circulation.
Thus, type 1 diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle is a serious heart disease, which is characterized by the insufficient ability of the said part of the organ to relax during the diastole. It should be noted that it can take about 0.4 seconds. This time is quite enough to completely restore the tone, as well as the energy fullness of the heart muscle.
What is the disease dangerous?
Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle of type 1 is caused by a drop in the expulsion fraction, which subsequently leads to a noticeable decrease in stroke volume. In order to prevent stagnation of blood in the lungs and compensate for dilatation, an increase in systolic ventricular volume begins. If such a protective reaction of the body does not follow, then there is a clear threat of pulmonary hypertension (repeated), as well as a significantly increased load on the other ventricle (right), which subsequently leads to a decrease in its volume. As a result of diastolic pressure , venous hyperemia may occur in it. If acute dysfunction occurs, pulmonary edema easily develops.
Probable Causes
Why can type 1 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction develop? The reasons for this phenomenon lie in the following:
- hypertonic pathologies;
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy;
- infiltrative (periodic) heart lesions (i.e., heart attacks, coronary heart disease, chronic hypertension (arterial), as well as hypertrophy of individual heart segments that are outside the zone of dilatation and thinning).
Signs of rejection
This condition very often leads to the development of secondary pulmonary arterial and venous hypertension. This pathological condition can manifest itself in the following:
- persistent cough (often paroxysmal);
- night dyspnea (paroxysmal);
- dyspnea.
What other signs determine the type 1 diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle ? Symptoms of such a deviation may not manifest themselves in a large amount of time. However, with the development of the disease, patients begin to observe signs such as:
- regular pains in the heart that are paroxysmal in nature (as in coronary artery disease);
- swelling of the lower extremities;
- shortness of breath (can be observed even at rest);
- spastic phenomena;
- feeling of lack of air.
With such signs, you should definitely consult your doctor. After all, the sooner this pathological condition is detected, the easier it is to take control of it. If the presented disease is detected too late, then its treatment will last a very long time, with the application of a large number of drugs and all necessary procedures.
How to cure?
Currently, a single treatment regimen that would be recognized by most specialists does not exist. This is partly due to the fact that this disease is rather poorly amenable to diagnosis. As mentioned above, such a deviation is asymptomatic for a very long time, as a result of which the patient seeks medical help too late.
So what should you do if you have type 1 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction? Treatment of such a disease boils down to eliminating the causes that provoke negative trends. Thus, patients need:
- cure existing ischemia;
- to normalize heart rate;
- lower blood pressure.
In addition, upon detection of such a pathological condition, the patient is prescribed drugs of the ACE blocker group. Most often, the choice of specialists falls on Lizonopril. It is prescribed in the form of tablets of 20-40 milligrams per day (in two divided doses).
Good results in the treatment of this deviation can be achieved by using calcium blockers. Thus, both drug groups lower blood pressure, significantly reduce the oxygen demand of the heart tissue, and also stop and reduce left ventricular hypertrophy. By the way, as a result of taking these drugs, the work of the heart diastole improves, which further leads to the normalization of hemodynamics.
The best treatment results for such a disease were observed with a combination of potassium-sparing diuretics with cardiological drugs. In case of acute need, other antihypertensive drugs can be used.