Blockage of the vessels of the lower extremities is a common reason for visiting a phlebologist and a vascular surgeon. Men and women suffer from varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, and thrombosis, and the latter visit medical institutions more often due to an aesthetic defect in the legs - protruding branched veins above the surface of the skin.
The appearance of a vascular network in the foot, lower leg, inner and back surfaces of the thigh indicates stagnation of blood, leading to fragility of capillaries and larger vessels. In many cases, patients turn to a medical institution for help not with the appearance of the first signs of the disease, but after a vein bursts on the leg, a hematoma forms, or mobility is limited. It is necessary to sound the alarm at the first symptoms - the appearance of a red (blue) net on the legs.
Varicose veins: a mechanism for the development of vascular pathology of the lower extremities
"Varicose" vessels in Latin translation means "bloating." The formation of nodes, enlarged sections of veins at the initial level is due to a decrease in the natural production of collagen and elastin in the walls of blood vessels, atrophy of cells in the muscle tissue of the veins. A genetic factor, external causes (heavy physical exertion, prolonged walking, increased body mass index) can provoke the disease.
How does pathology arise? In the presence of contributing factors, venous valves no longer cope with the blood flow, fluid reflux (reverse outflow) occurs. If unfavorable factors are permanent, white blood cells attach to the endothelial cells, group, and the inflammatory process begins. As a result, the walls of the veins become inflamed throughout the lower channel, venous valves suffer, large vessels are stretched, forming “pockets”. When walking, a person experiences a feeling of heaviness in his legs and discomfort. Visually, at the initial stage, the disease is expressed by edema, the occurrence of spider veins, and reticuli on the surface of the skin.
Causes of vein rupture
Did your leg burst? What is the reason? The pathological process in the vessels appears long before the appearance of external signs of the disease. The causes of vein rupture include:
- physical strain, long walk;
- shoes that do not fit the size of the legs;
- hypothermia of the lower extremities in the winter;
- the use of oral contraceptives;
- hormonal gland dysfunction;
- the period of gestation in women;
- physiological disturbance of the menstrual cycle (menopause);
- the postpartum period;
- irradiation with ultraviolet rays;
- injuries, burns, frostbite;
- alcohol and nicotine abuse;
- increased body mass index;
- hereditary factor.
Consequences of untimely seeking medical attention
In most cases, a visit to the doctor is postponed due to lack of free time, unwillingness to draw up a sick leave, and a lack of understanding of the seriousness of the disease. In addition to limiting mobility, a violation of venous blood flow threatens with the destruction of the wall of a large vessel, internal and external bleeding.
Your leg vein burst. Why? Rigid high-heeled shoes, tight clothing, bruising, and sprains of the joints during walking can provoke a vein rupture. If a vein bursts on the leg, a bruise is a clear sign of internal bleeding. The pain symptom is most often absent, a person does not immediately learn about the problem. External bleeding is also not accompanied by pain, however, a vein rupture is diagnosed in the first minutes of hemorrhage - the area of clothing on the leg becomes wet.
In the absence of drug treatment, rupture of the vessel entails dangerous consequences. These include:
- separation of a blood clot;
- the formation of trophic ulcers at the site of destruction of the vessel wall;
- fatal outcome.
Symptoms of venous bleeding
The early symptoms of pathology include the presence of persistent edema in the evening and after sleep, nodular formations on the legs of blue color, pain when walking, fatigue.
If a vein bursts on the leg, blood can flow out or into the tissues. With external bleeding observed:
- profuse bleeding;
- slowing down the formation of an elastic clot (insufficient blood coagulation);
- a sharp drop in blood pressure;
- dizziness;
- pallor of the skin.
Internal bleeding:
- the formation of a hematoma at the site of rupture of a vein;
- with extensive pathology - a decrease in blood pressure;
- loss of consciousness;
- feeling of fear.
Burst vein on the leg: first aid
Violation of the integrity of the vein can occur at the most unexpected moment, in the wrong place. If a person is on the street, away from the pharmacy, you need to immediately call emergency care. Prior to the arrival of doctors, it is recommended that you take important actions yourself. If you feel unwell, ask outsiders for help, as heavy bleeding can lead to collapse and death.
What to do if a vein bursts on the leg? The tactics of action are as follows:
- Call an ambulance.
- Find a clean napkin or handkerchief in your bag. If there is no material, ask passers-by.
- If the vein rupture occurred in the forest, far from the village: remove the shirt, tear off a piece of tissue, fold it in four layers and press the tissue to the place of rupture of the vessel.
- Roll clothes into a small roller, press them with a napkin on the wound.
- Make a makeshift tourniquet from a belt, belt or scarf, tighten your leg below the wound (10 cm).
- If there is no belt, you need to press with your palm on the vein rupture, covered with a tissue.
- If a vein inside the leg bursts within the city: ask passers-by to buy a hemostatic sponge in the pharmacy . The material for stopping blood is put under a napkin, closer to the wound surface.
- Take the position of "lying", raise the limb up above the shoulder girdle by thirty centimeters.
- If the victim or passersby have frozen food at hand, make an impromptu cold compress; apply a compress to the site of bleeding (up to thirty minutes).
Burst vein on the leg: treatment
If damage to a small vessel has occurred, the inflammatory focus has small boundaries, the phlebologist uses the classical therapeutic treatment with medications that improve blood circulation. He can also offer the patient microsclerotherapy: a special substance is injected into the vein, after which the resorption of the venous area occurs within twenty to twenty-five days.
If there is extensive hemorrhage in the internal tissues or outward, surgery is indicated - removal of the vessel in order to restore blood flow. In case of moderate injuries, the doctor can apply the ligation of the vessel trunk. Modern medicine offers a modification procedure called "elos" - coagulation. Technique: a high-frequency current or a laser beam is introduced into the damaged vessel, under the influence of which the “fusion” of the rupture site occurs.
"Grandmother's" recipes: how to treat varicose veins (traditional medicine)?
In the old days, people knew how to strengthen blood vessels and fight vein disease with the help of medicinal plants, decoctions, lotions from medicinal herbs. Attention: the treatment of diseases of the lower extremities associated with rupture of veins is recommended only under the supervision of a physician. Traditional medicine is only a concomitant factor accelerating the processes of restoration, strengthening of blood vessels.
- Recipe 1: Make whey at home. In the absence of time, you can replace the whey with ordinary sour milk. Pick fresh fern leaves; skip the plant through a meat grinder. Mix the ingredients of the medicinal composition in an equal ratio of 1: 1. Apply the solution to swollen veins for five days. After a week, it is recommended to repeat the course of treatment.
- Recipe 2: An excellent remedy for swollen veins is a honey compress. Before use, it is recommended to test for an allergic reaction: lubricate the inner surface of the ankle with a small amount of honey. Evaluate the result after 2 hours. If after applying honey there is no redness, burning, peeling - a recipe based on honey can be used.
For a compress, it is recommended to take a small piece of linen fabric (40x50); roll it in four layers, grease with honey. Apply a compress to the affected area of the leg. Honey wrap should be done in the evening before bedtime. In the morning, remove the compress, rinse honey with running water.
- Recipe 3: Tincture of Kalanchoe. To prepare the solution, it is recommended to take fresh leaves of Kalanchoe (200 g). Put chopped leaves of a plant in a 0.5 liter bottle, pour alcohol-containing solution (vodka, moonshine). Put the dishes with the solution in a cool, dark place. Shake the tincture bottle daily. After seven days, the drug is ready: lubricate the legs twice daily (morning and evening), moving from the feet to the hips. The treatment is carried out for three months.
Preventive actions
A popular proverb says: "It is better to prevent ailment than to treat it later." In order to avoid serious problems with veins, people at risk are recommended to adhere to the main rules:
- Eliminate bad habits from your usual lifestyle (stop smoking, drink excessively alcohol).
- Include vitamin D, F, fish and seafood in your diet.
- Eat vegetable oil from corn, flaxseed, soy, nuts, and sunflower.
- After a long stay on your feet, training in the gym, use contrast douche of the lower extremities.
- With excessive body weight, it is recommended to form a competent diet to reduce weight under the supervision of a specialist.
- Include light physical activity in the day: aerobics, jogging, muscle stretching exercises.
- After exercise, it is recommended to raise your legs above head level thirty centimeters for three minutes.
If a person has the first signs of circulatory disorders of the lower extremities, it is recommended to wear special underwear or wrap legs with elastic bandages before going outside.