What are speech styles ? This is a certain system that has developed in the process of language development. There are several such systems; they are designed for different purposes. Each has its own purpose, its own means of expression, its place in society.
So, for example, the conversational style serves to communicate people in everyday life, in a relaxed atmosphere. It is characterized by expressive vocabulary, the presence of incomplete sentences, incorrect grammatical forms, emotionality. ( They say that from Creative shampoo hair does not grow, but simply falls out ).
There is an official business style for communication between institutions. Perhaps his main feature is the presence of speech stamps. “ Authorized to declare”, “we, the undersigned”, “Representative of the customer represented by ... ” - such expressions are unambiguous, they lack emotions, but there is a statement of fact. Business language facilitates business communication.
A journalistic style is needed for agitation and dissemination of ideas among the masses. He is invoked, emotional, because his task is to convince the reader. ( Sensation! Shampoo leads to baldness! Millions affected! )
Scientific research can only be described with the help of a scientific style. There are many terms in it, the emotionality or ambiguity of expressions is completely absent. ( During the study, it was found that the use of Creative shampoo for hair leads to alopecia ).
It often happens that the conversation between two pundits is completely incomprehensible to others. ( AC has the properties of a direct and indirect antioxidant) .
A popular scientific style is called to acquaint the masses with scientific achievements. Textbooks, articles about research, achievements, etc. relate specifically to him. Unlike scientific, it has an additional function - communicative. This means that a scientifically popular style is designed to popularize knowledge, as if to translate from a scientific language into a public language.
Today, the opinions of linguists are divided. Some of them believe that the scientifically popular style of speech is an independent phenomenon. Others are sure that this is just a substitute for the scientific language.
But both of them agree that this style is characterized by quite specific features that distinguish it from others. What are these signs?
Popular science style is relevant. Science is a constantly evolving branch of human activity, therefore, the popularization of scientific achievements or knowledge is extremely important. Today, there are three types of popularization: general education, intranaural, and intranaural.
Like a work of art, a popular science text has its own plot. This is the search for truth. In order to find out the answer or come to a conclusion, the reader is obliged to go all the way of thinking, to understand the logical moves. However, part of the evidence or the search is omitted.
The popular science style uses many terms that make the text more or less deep. The more highly specialized words, the deeper the exposition is considered.
The term may be entered directly or inversely. In the latter case, the concept itself is not emphasized, but the phenomenon associated with it.
In order for the text to be interesting, it must be entertaining and figurative. That is why the scientifically popular style allows the use of metaphors, anaphors, epithets, exclamations and rhetorical questions.
The scientifically popular style of speech allows for the presence of expressive syntax ("an accelerator has been specially converted for hunting bosons " ). In the style there is an assessment of facts, social assessment - all that helps to make scientific knowledge accessible, while forming public opinion.
Naturally, these are not all the features inherent in the scientifically popular style. However, it is quite realistic to determine the style of any narrative based on these signs.