Phosphorus is called an important macrocell, which is required for the life of people. He takes part in the transmission of nerve impulses, is necessary for growth and strong bones, helps metabolism. But a frequent deviation is considered to be increased phosphorus in the blood. The reasons for this phenomenon may be different. In this case, an examination is required that can identify pathologies. The properties of this component and its normalization are described in the article.
Functions
Phosphorus is a chemical component that is similar in properties to semimetals. It is able to interact with other substances in the body. Phosphorus can manifest itself as an oxidizing agent and as a reducing agent. With its help, the proper functioning of the whole organism is ensured, the optimal metabolism and the balance of all systems and internal processes are maintained.
Especially a lot of this component in the brain, muscles, teeth and bones. Inorganic phosphorus is present in the blood. If he is not there, then a person cannot move, think, breathe freely. The component functions include:
- the formation of healthy teeth and bone tissue;
- full work of the heart, kidneys;
- transmission of nerve impulses, which is important for the nervous system;
- participation in the growth, cell division, storage and reproduction of genetic information;
- participation in the work of muscles;
- effect on the accumulation and release of energy from cells;
- the release of glucose from products by oxidation in chemical reactions;
- the need for strong physical, mental and psycho-emotional activity.
Norms
Before determining the causes of increased phosphorus in the blood, you should find out about the norm. The indicators of this component change throughout life, this is due to the fact that phosphorus forms internal tissues and organs, especially bone mass and teeth. For this reason, it has maximum values in children, and decreases with age, and reaches a minimum in old age.
It should be borne in mind that the component decreases and rises during the day. The reason for this is the different intensity of the motor and mental work of a person. The norms are as follows:
- In women, 0.9-1.5 mmol / l (900-1500 mg). During pregnancy and lactation, the indicator can reach 3800 mg. After 60 years, the norm is 0.90-1.32 mg.
- In men, 0.81-1.45 (900-1500 mg). After 60 years, 0.75 -1.2 mmol / L.
- In infants and babies up to 2 years old - 1.19-2.78 mmol / l. Fluctuations can be from 1200 to 2500 mg. In infancy, the maximum indicators. In children under 12 years of age - 1.45-1.78.
With the specified indicators of the component, the body will have enough substance to perform important functions. And increased phosphorus in the blood of a child or adult leads to negative health consequences. That is why it is important to control the content of this mineral.
High rates
This phenomenon may have various reasons. Elevated levels of phosphorus in the blood (over 1.45 mmol / L) are called hyperphosphatemia. This means that the component accumulates in various organs, especially in bone tissue, which leads to disruption of the kidneys, heart, and nervous system. Convulsions also arise.
What are the causes of increased phosphorus in the blood? This phenomenon may be associated with:
- renal failure, due to which there was an incomplete withdrawal of phosphates from the body;
- hypoparathyroidism;
- anemia
- the development of various tumors;
- destruction of muscle cells or bone healing in fractures;
- osteoporosis;
- excess vitamin D;
- deviation in the work of the heart muscle;
- regular contact with this component (gardeners and agricultural workers often use phosphate fertilizers, as well as military personnel who use dangerous military substances).
So, the main causes of increased phosphorus in the blood include:
- lack of calcium;
- renal dysfunction;
- insufficient bowel function.
This phenomenon occurs in both adults and children. This will be determined by the following symptoms:
- joint pain;
- fragility of bones;
- kidney stone disease;
- reduced iron content;
- fatigue and fatigue;
- body aches;
- low white blood cell count.
With these signs, you need to visit a doctor. The specialist will identify the reasons. Inorganic phosphorus in the blood can be increased due to various factors, but in any case it is required to normalize it, which only a doctor can help.
Low content
Often, a decrease in phosphate in the blood occurs with sufficient intake of food. A reduced content of this mineral is considered dangerous. This phenomenon is associated with:
- metabolic disorder;
- excretory system dysfunction;
- various poisonings, including from harmful foods and drinks;
- impaired functioning of the parathyroid gland.
Symptoms of P deficiency usually manifest as abnormalities in muscle and nervous systems. Appear:
- muscle cramps, bone pain;
- change in skin sensations;
- heart, pulmonary failure;
- anxiety, irritability, apathy;
- loss of appetite.
With a prolonged lack of phosphorus, a dangerous ailment appears - hypophosphatemia. Then the worsening of the symptoms and the appearance of:
- vomiting, diarrhea;
- bleeding gums, softening bones, their fragility;
- deviations in the central nervous system;
- heart failure.
Analysis submission
Perform the diagnosis will be a simple method, thanks to blood sampling. The analysis reveals an indicator of inorganic phosphorus content. It is measured during the day under the influence of some factors, therefore, to obtain accurate information, you need to adhere to simple tips.
Blood is taken in the morning - from 8 to 11 hours, on an empty stomach. Eating should be limited 8 hours before the tests, you should not have a tight dinner before that, and also do not eat heavy, indigestible food. You just need to drink plain water.
Blood is drawn from a vein, and in young children it is taken from the heel. The analysis should be performed by a doctor. It is possible to perform a blood test and other indicators to get a clear picture.
Danger
The causes and consequences of increased phosphorus in the blood are interrelated. The high content of this component leads to complications. If there is no appropriate treatment, this phenomenon can lead to:
- severe violations of the liver - nausea and bitterness in the mouth;
- iron deficiency anemia;
- arteriosclerosis of blood vessels;
- external and internal bleeding;
- bowel cancer.
With timely examination by a doctor and quality treatment, these consequences can be avoided. The causes of increased phosphorus in the blood in a child and an adult are the same. Analysis is also performed according to uniform rules.
Normalization
How to restore component level? With severe deviations, taking medications prescribed by a doctor on the basis of tests is required. In general, each person is required to consume foods rich in phosphorus. Better mineral is absorbed from plant foods. They are rich in bran, wheat seedlings, pumpkin and sunflower seeds, nuts, cashews, almonds, and yeast. Phosphorus is in the liver, eggs, cheese, red fish - trout, salmon, and pink salmon.
It should be borne in mind that a lot of phosphorus is present in sausages, carbonated drinks, and ice cream. If a person constantly eats such foods, there will be an overabundance of the mineral in large quantities. It is dangerous, therefore it is important to maintain a healthy and proper diet.
If an increase or decrease in phosphorus is associated with ailments, then treatment of these diseases is required. Contact with phosphate fertilizers is negatively affected. When the level of this component changes, its reception must be stopped.
Treatment
Therapy is determined from the pathology of organs, in which there is a change in the concentration of the component in the serum. During an exacerbation, emergency therapy is required, for example, hemodialysis for tumor decay syndrome.
If endocrine disorders are detected, then hormonal correction is needed. In renal failure, the mainstay of treatment is considered to be a reduction in phosphorus intake from food. These patients require a low-protein diet and agents that bind phosphates. In the terminal stage of kidney disease, calcium carbonate is needed.
A dialysis patient is prescribed Sevelamer. The drug binds phosphates in the digestive tract, lowering their concentration in the blood serum. The treatment of hyperphosphatemia is performed under the supervision of a doctor, since self-medication can lead to a worsening of the condition.
In cats
In animals, exceeding the norm of the components also leads to various ailments. Increased phosphorus in the blood of a cat - what does it mean? The norm in these animals is 1-2.3 mmol / L, and its increase will be an excess. Elevated phosphorus in the blood of a cat leads to chronic renal failure, nephrosclerosis, hydronephrosis, tuberculosis, polycystosis, and neoplasms in the kidneys. But a low level is also likely, which is a symptom of rickets.
Phosphorus is considered an important element. Its excess or deficiency becomes the cause of adverse effects that lead to changes in the work of different organs. Often ailments lead to deviations from the norm, therefore, for various violations, a comprehensive examination and identification of the root cause are required. In order for the component level in the body to be in the right amount, more plant products should be consumed and junk food of chemical production should be excluded.