A head bruise is an injury that is often the result of some kind of domestic situation. At first glance, it may seem to some victims easier than it actually is. The most important danger is that such injuries do not manifest themselves with external signs, so they may not be noticed. Sometimes there is damage to the skin.
Very often, an ordinary bruise can be accompanied by a fracture, concussion, which can lead to serious consequences. The danger of such damage also lies in the hematoma, which can form. It will have a rather serious effect on the brain, which will lead to serious consequences. That is why after getting a bruise, you should immediately consult a doctor so that he prescribes the right treatment.
Classification
Contusion of the soft tissues of the head can be divided into several types. We are talking about damage to the forehead, neck, as well as the parietal lobes or the base of the skull. In any case, you need to see a doctor. Very often, the neck or frontal lobe is damaged. Damage to the parietal region is slightly less common, and even less frequently is the temporal one. Damage is very rare and quite complex, in which several parts are damaged immediately.
If we talk about the severity of the injury, then the head injury is divided into 4 types - these are light and severe injuries, damage to the skull and brain, as well as damage to the skin.
ICD-10 classification
In ICD-10, a head injury is in sections S00-S09. Which code will be accurate must be looked at according to the degree of damage. If we are talking about S00, then we are talking about superficial wounds that do not affect the functioning of the brain, as well as the eyes. Open damage is encoded S01, fracture - S02. Any other injuries that affect the scalp are in section S09.
Causes
Bruising of the soft tissues of the head can occur for various reasons, while they are completely different from each other. Most often this happens during a fall. However, there are other reasons, including domestic brawl, sporting events, training, wrestling, a blunt hit, professional injuries, and road accidents.
If we are talking about a bruise of the occipital part, then, as a rule, this happens when falling or colliding with other objects.
If we are talking about children, then most often they get such injuries during games. In newborn babies, this happens if adults look after the baby poorly. Sometimes a bump may appear on the head due to a sharp collision with the changing table. If the baby is active, then he can freely jump out of the stroller or hit his head. That is why babies should always be supervised, because it is easy for them to get a lump, injure the occipital region and much more.
Symptomatology
It should be noted that a head injury in a child and an adult will have the same symptoms. This disease in any case requires immediate treatment and diagnosis. However, in order to correctly diagnose, it is necessary to understand the type of injury and the degree of damage. Patients complain of dizziness, clouding of the head, fainting, impaired coordination, bruising, which causes bumps, decreased pressure, bruises, bruises, pain, weakness, fever, and vomiting or nausea.
Too many people believe that a lump on the head can go on their own, so it’s not necessary to go to the doctor. However, in one case, this can really go unnoticed, and in the other, serious consequences can follow, including hallucinations and memory problems. A person can begin to hear voices or see what is not. Pain, lump and bruise are considered very common symptoms of a head stroke. If they appear, then you should immediately consult a specialist.
First aid
If a person received a head injury, then he needs to be properly helped. It depends on this whether a complication appears. It is necessary to carry out all the actions correctly, so as not to worsen the situation. Be sure to immediately put on a tight bandage on your head in order to prevent the occurrence of a hematoma. Next, you need to apply a cold compress. It needs to be kept no more than 15 minutes. During the first day you need to repeat this procedure so that the resulting hematoma does not grow, and pain is reduced. If there are open wounds, they should be treated with antiseptics such as hydrogen peroxide or Chlorhexidine.
Also, in the presence of bleeding, it should be stopped. Zelenka and iodine can not be used. If we are talking about the treatment of a head injury in a child, then it is necessary to help him immediately. The kid is not worth scolding, he needs to be reassured and have a conversation.
What to do with a bruise?
If it so happened that a hematoma appeared with a head injury, you need to understand what to do in such a situation. By following simple tips, you can reduce pain and speed recovery. It is advisable to get immediately after receiving an injury to a medical center in order to diagnose and make a diagnosis. The doctor will also prescribe treatment. Next, along with the fulfillment of all the doctor’s prescriptions, the following actions must be performed.
An ice pack should be repeated during the first day. It is advisable to use it every two to three hours, you need to keep no more than 15 minutes. This will reduce pain and bruises will become less extensive. In this case, a cold compress should be applied without much pressure on the head area. If we are talking about a severe headache that does not go away after a bruise, then you can drink an anesthetic. However, you must understand that when it comes to the presence of hemorrhage, then taking aspirin is prohibited. It worsens blood coagulation, therefore, a person will, on the contrary, have a hematoma.
Two to three days after receiving a head injury, you can make warm compresses. You should use heating pads or lotions. Thanks to this, the swelling will come off very quickly. On the first day, warming up is not worth it, as this can lead to a worsening of the inflammatory process. If a person has a crust at the site of abrasion, then it is not necessary to rip it off, otherwise a scar may appear, and also a person may cause infection.
If you want to quickly get rid of the effects of trauma, then you can use gels and ointments that allow you to heal and relieve inflammation. However, you must first consult your doctor. Also, if you use them, then a crust will not form.
Effects
It is very important to discuss the effects of a bruised head. They are pretty serious. Most often, they appear if a person received a strong blow or if the help of a specialist was late and incorrect. Common consequences include the development of depression, problems with concentration, disability, insomnia appears, memory ceases to function normally, the body reacts sharply to changing weather, irritability increases, and headaches and migraines can also appear. You need to understand that the consequences after a bruise do not appear immediately: after either a couple of weeks or months. It is in this that the danger of a strike of a similar region lies.
Diagnostic Methods
When diagnosing, it is important to confirm or deny the development of side diseases in the form of concussion and so on. Sometimes, during diagnosis, you may need to consult not only a traumatologist, but also a neurologist. First of all, you should do an x-ray. Thanks to this, you can understand whether the skull is in normal condition. Next is an MRI scan. This makes it possible to understand how deep the hematoma is and whether the brain structures have changed. It is necessary to take an x-ray of the cervical spine in order to exclude the displacement of the vertebrae.
Treatment
As a rule, therapy involves the use of a conservative or surgical method of treatment. What is needed is selected only by the doctor. The latter is needed in order to get rid of hematomas, whose diameter is 4 cm.
Conservative treatment is necessary to treat less serious diseases. It is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the bruise itself. Oxygen therapy is carried out , antidepressants, diuretics, analgesics, sleeping pills, drugs that affect the functioning of the nervous system, as well as nootropic drugs that normalize the brain, are prescribed.
The last group of drugs is usually prescribed as a prophylaxis. In order to increase the rate of resorption of the hematoma, it is necessary to use ointments and various gels.
Thus, treatment is carried out according to this scheme: in the first two days it is necessary to apply a cold compress, then warm up for several days and then begin to lubricate the damaged areas with ointment.
How to treat?
Treatment for bruised soft tissues of the head depends entirely on the severity of the damage. Mandatory prescribed bed rest. Get out of bed only when absolutely necessary. After two or three days, you need to start to be gradually in the fresh air.
While undergoing rehabilitation, it is best to refuse to watch TV, as well as sitting in front of a computer. Physical activity should be limited. You should also remember that you must follow all the recommendations of a doctor.