Currently, according to the World Health Organization, the dominant position in the list of diseases that cause human death is occupied by pathologies of the cardiovascular system, which gradually worsen the quality of life and ultimately lead to damage to all other internal organs.
Relevance of the problem
This is how arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis accompany almost every second adult, especially after forty years. Most people treat these diseases very superficially, explaining this by their prevalence and, as it seems to them, harmlessness. However, complications lead to death.
This is myocardial infarction, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,
aortic aneurysm, cardiac and renal failure. Arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis often accompany each other, since the first of them is steadily violating trophic vessels, eventually leading to the second.
Characterization of the pharmacological group
The most common drugs for the treatment of persistent high blood pressure are diuretics - drugs that enhance urination and thereby reduce the volume of circulating blood and blood vessels. Thus, patients with arterial hypertension have direct indications for use. Indapamide MI Stada, Indap, Acripamide, Arindap, Arifon, Ravel are the trade names for the same medicine, because these drugs are made on the basis of one active substance - indapamide, but only differ manufacturing companies, auxiliary additives and, of course, price. They belong to the pharmacological group of thiazide-like diuretics, which, unlike loopback ones (Furosemide,
ethacrylic acid, Bumetanide), do not have such a powerful diuretic effect, but nevertheless arterial hypertension is also included in their indications for use. Indapamide has many additional effects.
Benefits of the drug
It enhances the elasticity of blood vessels, thereby reducing overall peripheral resistance. And this, in turn, leads to a decrease in the load on the left ventricle of the heart and allows it to strain less during the phase of exile. This is due to such an ability of indapamide as selective blocking of the slow transport channels for calcium, without which the
spasm of the vessels stops. It also reduces the sensitivity of blood vessels to catecholamines, causing a reduction in their walls, and stimulates the production of their relaxant - prostaglandin E2. Moreover, indapamide does not affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which allows its use in patients with diabetes mellitus. Thus, it has a wide spectrum of action on the cardiovascular system, so Indapamide, the indications for use of which include essential arterial hypertension, is an effective drug and can reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
back side
Of course, like any drug, it has not only indications for the use of Indapamide, but also contraindications, which are associated with a fairly large number of side effects. Firstly, it affects the central nervous system, causing spontaneous nervousness and irritability, anxiety, headaches and dizziness, drowsiness or, conversely, insomnia (individually for each patient), depression, increased fatigue are possible. Due to the inhibition of the action of catecholamines, a disturbance in the rhythm of cardiac activity may occur, which will be manifested by a strong heartbeat. Also, due to the moderate diuretic effect of indapamide and loss of not only sodium and chlorine in the urine, but also potassium and magnesium, the development of hypokalemia syndrome is possible.
Impact on organ systems
Also, this drug affects the human digestive system, causing a feeling of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, up to anorexia, dyspeptic disorders of the stool (diarrhea / constipation). Inflammatory changes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract with the development of cough, runny nose, pharyngitis or sinusitis are rarely possible. And due to the direct action of indapamide, the patient will experience frequent urination, including at night, and a feeling of dry mouth (polyuria, nocturia). If the patient has an unsettled allergological status or is hypersensitive to the components of the drug, a rash with itching may appear, urticaria or even hemorrhagic vasculitis may develop. It is extremely rare, but nevertheless, there is a manifestation of the action of indapamide on the blood system of a person in the form of hemolytic anemia, leukemia or thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, bone marrow aplasia.
Contraindications
Due to side effects of the drug, direct contraindications to its use are severe hepatic or renal failure, hypersensitivity to any of its components, minor age (up to 18 years), hypokalemia (regardless of source), pregnancy or lactation period. In addition, with extreme caution, the drug is used to detect impaired water-electrolyte balance, renal or hepatic functions, hyperparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus (decompensated stage), hyperuricemia (especially in the diagnosis of gout or urate nephrolithiasis). It is also important to consider its effect in combination therapy of the disease.
Carefully!
Usually, a daily dosage of the drug in the amount of one Indapamide tablet is sufficient. Indications for use of this drug are arterial hypertension and
heart failure. They are treated comprehensively, and therefore it is extremely important to correctly combine drugs with each other. If the patient, especially the elderly, takes
cardiac glycosides or laxatives, constant monitoring of creatinemia and potassium, as well as the level of sodium and magnesium, glucose and uric acid in the blood plasma is necessary. All these preventive measures are aimed at preventing the development of acute renal failure or severe electrolyte imbalance. It should also be remembered that this drug has a pronounced hypotensive effect, and therefore it can reduce the concentration ability of a person, as a result of which it is not worth driving a vehicle after taking Indapamide.
conclusions
Thus, despite the fact that this drug has a large number of side effects and a narrow scope of indications for use, Indapamide is an extremely effective tool for the treatment of essential hypertension, as well as secondary hypertension. This is due to the multiple directions of its pharmacological activity, its rapid and complete absorption from the digestive tract, as well as its high bioavailability. These qualities distinguish it from a number of diuretic agents and make it an important achievement in the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system.