Corn is a protective function of the skin, which occurs with intense and prolonged friction. Very often they appear when wearing low-quality and uncomfortable shoes.
To prevent the occurrence of this problem, it is imperative to choose high-quality shoes for themselves in size.
What is corn?
Constant friction or pressure on a specific area of the skin provokes the rapid necrosis of the upper layers of the skin. Corn is cells that do not have time to exfoliate and independently eliminate themselves from the surface of the skin. Gradually they overlap and condense. If increased sweating is added to this process, this can provoke softening of the skin and the callus becomes soft.
If liquid accumulates under the layers of dead skin, then it becomes watery.
Causes of occurrence
Corn is a local thickening of the skin, accompanied by keratinization of their upper layers. Places of its localization can be:
The reason corns are formed is quite simple. Its occurrence is preceded by prolonged and intense pressure on a certain part of the skin. Among the main factors contributing to the emergence of this formation, we can distinguish such as:
- wearing uncomfortable shoes;
- the presence of rough seams inside the shoe;
- the use of socks a size larger;
- excess weight;
- the need to constantly carry a large load;
- excessive skin sensitivity.
Corns on the legs are very common in people suffering from diabetes mellitus, flat feet and psoriasis. In addition, the predisposing factors include a lack of vitamins.
Main types
Corn is a kind of protective reaction of the body, as they prevent the occurrence of more serious problems. They can be dry and wet. The wet type is a bubble that forms from wearing uncomfortable shoes or when working with tools. They can occur on almost any part of the body, regardless of age. Inside is the lymph. They may also indicate a violation of glucose in the blood. Many doctors recommend that they be punctured, as the fluid inside can lead to infection.
A dry look of corns occurs after prolonged pressure on the area of the foot. Often a similar problem is observed with flat feet. In this case, the corn is located under the toes.
Water corn
A wet type of corn, the photo of which will help determine exactly how it looks, arises as a result of mechanical action on the skin with their subsequent damage and the formation of a fluid-filled bubble that rises above the surface of the skin. They do not pose a danger to humans, but they provoke the appearance of a certain discomfort and pain.
If it is not timely treated and treated, then an infection of the body can occur, especially if the corn is full of blood. It can form as a result of damage to the capillary. It is worth noting that the constant traumatic effect on wet corn can cause it to turn into a dry form, which will become a seal consisting of keratinized layers of the skin.
The constant friction of the skin can lead to displacement of the upper layer of the skin, which often goes unnoticed. If the mechanical effect on the skin continues, then this leads to the formation of a cavity, which is then filled with liquid. Having studied the description of the callus, it is important to know for what reasons it is formed.
The formation of this skin defect is greatly facilitated by wearing too tight shoes that cause some friction on the skin. Excessive sweating of the legs enhances the likelihood of its occurrence. Wet corns can also form on the body. Its formation on the hands and arms is not ruled out, especially if you often have to work with special tools and peel vegetables. Wet callus may occur between the legs in overweight people, especially in the summer.
Especially prone to the formation of such a skin defect are people with delicate and sensitive skin. In this case, redness, pain, slight swelling is noted, a cavity filled with liquid forms. If the bubble ruptures and fluid flows out, a red, wet wound forms. Corn rupture is very dangerous with the likelihood of infection. The presence of pus, clouding of the contents, fever, as well as the formation of dense yellow crusts near the wound can indicate an infection.
Dry corn
The dry type of corn, the photo of which clearly demonstrates its peculiarity, belongs to one of the stages of dropsy, although it can bypass this stage. A sharp transition can be with a slight, but constant friction on the same area of the skin, in which it gradually becomes rougher.
It has a yellowish or grayish tint and rises above the rest of the skin. Such a callus can occur during sports, hard physical work, wearing inappropriate shoes, flat feet, improper distribution of load on the foot. In addition, a similar skin defect can provoke:
- arthritis;
- lack of vitamins;
- heel spur;
- osteoarthrosis.
Basically, corn is formed between the fingers on the foot and does not differ in pain. Pain is observed only in the most advanced cases in the presence of cracks. It is worth remembering that before proceeding to their removal, you need to make sure that there are no contraindications and chronic diseases. One of the varieties are considered corns.
Kernel corn
Core types of corns are among the most unpleasant and dangerous. It represents not only the presence of many keratinized layers of the skin, but the ingrowth of the corns rod into the soft tissues, which is accompanied by very severe pain. Initially, a person experiences slight discomfort, slight tingling, as well as minor itching.
Often there is corn on the finger or under it, mainly this formation is observed near the little finger or between the thumb and forefinger. Over time, the symptoms increase even more, it is very painful to step on the foot, and the person’s gait even changes.
On the hands and palms this type is very rare. Among the main causes of occurrence, it is possible to distinguish the wearing of new shoes, as a result of which the weight is redistributed to the forefoot, as well as:
- foreign body fouling with skin tissues;
- the presence of viruses and fungi;
- the transition of corn from soft to dry.
If you remove it in the usual way, this can lead to the fact that there remains a rod that looks like a yellowish speck in the center of the affected area.
Corns
Corns - callus between the fingers, on the feet or palms, which is of the dry type. Its difference lies only in the area of the lesion, as well as the location. Basically, they pass on their own, after eliminating the main cause of education.
The corns do not affect the deep layers of the skin and remain only on their surface, forming rough areas with a fuzzy contour. Basically, they are completely painless. They are formed mainly by friction or squeezing while wearing too tight and uncomfortable shoes.
Many confuse them with fungal diseases. If there are visible changes in the skin, then it is advisable to seek qualified help from a dermatologist. Doctors do not recommend sticking them with a band-aid, as this can cause serious complications. The composition of the patch includes antiseptic agents, which provoke significant drying of the skin, which leads to even more coarsening of the skin. It is best to conduct treatment with a qualified specialist.
Chicken
Chicken jelly - corn between the toes or on the heel, provoked by the human papillomavirus. She is able to deliver very severe pain while walking. This is a kind of coarse, blurry outgrowth with black dots. Chicken flake can be in men and women of any age.
The virus for a long time can be in the human body, and appears only in the presence of provoking factors, which leads to the formation of corns. Such factors include poor immunity, excessive sweating, improperly selected shoes. From a small nodule, it can develop into a large and dense formation.
How to distinguish corn from melanoma
If a callus appears on the finger, then it is safe to say that this is definitely not melanoma. Its formation is possible only if a mole was previously at the site of the formation of the corns. Then gradually a cornea begins to appear in a person, if the birthmark became the cause of melanoma.
If there is a mole on the foot, then you need to consult a doctor and remove it, since when it is injured, there is a risk of a transition to a malignant tumor. Pigmentless melanoma cannot be determined without special devices. That is why, if there is a spot of a light pink hue or the density of the skin has changed, then you should immediately consult a doctor.
Treatment
Corn treatment at home can only be done if there is complete confidence in its origin, since the seals can be confused with warts, the removal of which is undesirable. The treatment of watery formations is carried out in several stages, namely:
- elimination of the causes of its occurrence;
- disinfection of the lesion site;
- isolation by applying a patch.
If you get rid of the liquid by piercing the corn with a sharp object, then the healing will be much faster, but in this case there is a risk of infection, so it is advisable that the procedure is performed by a dermatologist.
To safely inject the corn, you must follow certain rules, namely:
- Before carrying out the procedure, wash your hands and the place where the corn is located;
- sanitize the needle;
- it is best to use a syringe needle;
- it is only necessary to pierce the exfoliated tissue;
- after the puncture, treat the wound with an antiseptic and glue the patch.
Dry corn at home is difficult to remove, especially if they have a core. To completely get rid of the solid growth, you need to remove all the keratinized layers and remove the core, which is difficult to do, especially if it is located deep. If it is removed only partially, then this will lead to the re-formation of corns. Treatment can be carried out in a therapeutic and medication manner. Among the methods of therapy can be identified such:
- drilling by devices;
- cryodestruction;
- laser removal;
- radio wave method;
- diathermocoagulation.
Drilling with a drill implies that the growth is removed with a special device along with the shaft. This procedure is performed without pain relief, which causes a slight tingling sensation. After this, the area is treated with an antiseptic and ointments with an antibiotic are used.
The cryodestruction method implies that the corn is exposed to the abnormal region by too low temperatures, as a result of which the growth is frozen and completely destroyed. Mostly used liquid nitrogen. In just a few minutes, you can achieve complete destruction of the growth and the core.
A bubble forms on the treated area of the skin, which after a while passes on its own. Treatment takes place without anesthesia, but if the lesion is deep enough, then local anesthesia can be used.
Laser removal is one of the most optimal methods, as it will allow you to completely get rid of it. Often a carbon dioxide laser is used, which penetrates deep enough into the deep layers of the skin, burning the core layer by layer using local anesthesia. After the growth has been eliminated, antibacterial ointments are used.
The callus can be removed by applying a radio wave electrode that does not come into contact with the skin. Under the energy of radio waves, the affected cells are "evaporated", as a result of which they are destroyed. The electrode itself does not heat up, so it does not burn the surrounding tissue, but at the same time creates a very accurate cut.
The method of electrocoagulation is based on cauterization of the growth with alternating current, which heats the formation. High temperature destroys cells, and a protective crust forms at the site of the corn, which itself disappears after a few days.
Therapy is also carried out with the help of medications. This process is quite long, as long-term destruction of the compaction, ingrown into the tissue, is required. To remove the rod, ointments and patches are required that have a keratolytic effect. Surgical treatment is carried out in the most difficult cases, when other methods do not give absolutely no result.
Folk techniques
Treatment of corns at home with folk remedies is widely carried out. In particular, a very good result is provided by:
- lemon;
- dandelion juice;
- aloe;
- bread compresses;
- ointment based on celandine.
To eliminate corns, you need to fix a slice of lemon on it with a patch and leave it overnight. In the morning, she should fall away herself. For the treatment of dry growths, you need to moisten the crumb of bread in vinegar and attach to the affected area. Such compresses need to be done throughout the week.
Aloe leaf helps well, which must be applied at night to the affected area with the soft side. The next day, you just need to remove the growth with pumice.
Complications
If the callus can not be completely cured, then it grows deep into the tissues and can provoke the occurrence of complications, among which can be distinguished such as:
- significant pain;
- deep cracking;
- reduction or complete disability.
In addition, such a growth can provoke a violation of the redistribution of weight on the joints, nerve endings, as well as muscles, which occurs as a result of severe pain during movement. Subsequently, this leads to the occurrence of an inflammatory process and deformation of muscle tissue.
With infection of the corns, there may be decay of tissues with the subsequent development of osteomyelitis, phlegmon, erysipelas.
Prevention
To prevent the occurrence of corns, dermatologists recommend such preventive measures:
- choose the right shoes;
- socks should be in size and made of natural fabric;
- rubbing areas should be lubricated with petroleum jelly or sprinkled with talcum powder.
By following all these simple rules, you can prevent the formation of corns as much as possible. If you find a lesion that causes discomfort and pain, you should consult a specialist.