Papilloma on the anus is an extremely unpleasant, but quite common problem. The growth on such a delicate area of the body causes a lot of inconvenience and is constantly injured, which is fraught with skin inflammation and other complications. Of course, many people, faced with a similar problem, are looking for information about the causes, symptoms and treatment of papillomas.
What do papillomas look like on the anus? The main types of skin formations
Papilloma (popularly known as a wart) is nothing more than a skin growth formed as a result of the rapid division of skin cells and the growth of epithelial tissues.
Depending on the structure, warts are divided into several types. The most common are simple, or vulgar, papillomas, which usually appear on the skin of fingers and hands. They are small rounded cones. There are also flat, plantar and filiform warts.
But if you have a papilloma on the anus, then most likely it is a genital warts, which is a small papillary outgrowth with a thin leg. Such warts can be either single or multiple. They are in most cases appear on the skin and mucous membranes in the anus and external genitalia.
Causes of the appearance of pathology
The appearance of papilloma on the anus (as well as on any other part of the body) indicates infection of the body with the human papilloma virus. This is an extremely common infection. To date, more than 100 strains of papillomavirus are known.
In most cases, growths on the skin are benign and cause a person only physical and aesthetic discomfort. Nevertheless, the entry into the body of some viruses from this group is fraught with dangerous consequences, since infection increases the risk of developing cancer.
The papilloma virus can be transmitted by contact, for example, when sharing dishes, clothes and other household items, during a handshake. The likelihood of infection increases if there are wounds, scratches and other injuries on the skin of a person. The causative agent can be picked up during intercourse. The transmission of the virus from mother to newborn during childbirth is also possible, which is why papilloma may form on the anus in the child.
Key risk factors
It is worth noting that the presence of infection in the body is far from always accompanied by the formation of skin growths. The virus can remain in a "sleeping" state for many years. The number of pathogenic particles is strictly controlled by the immune system. Any weakening of the body's defenses activates the virus, resulting in the appearance of papillomas on the skin and mucous membranes.
Risk factors include a decrease in the activity of the immune system - often warts appear against a background of a protracted inflammatory disease. Bad habits, malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies affect the body's work. The same list includes the intake of certain drugs, including oral hormonal contraceptives.
Papilloma on the anus is a fairly common problem, which can be associated with various complications. In this area of the body it is moist and warm, and it is far from always possible to adhere to hygiene rules. Warts themselves are constantly injured, which creates excellent conditions for the propagation of pathogenic bacteria and other microorganisms.
Symptoms and possible complications
Papillomas in the anus cause a lot of inconvenience to a person. Many patients complain of a foreign body sensation and soreness while walking. Warts are often injured during bowel movements, which, again, is accompanied by pain and the appearance of blood impurities in the fecal masses.
Due to friction while walking on underwear, you can find wet spots with an extremely unpleasant odor (often bloody). Patients also complain of a constant feeling of moisture.
Growths may appear in other areas. For example, papillomas in men on the anus often spread to the skin of the perineum, scrotum, tissue of the penis. In women, the virus affects the external genitalia, the mucous membrane of the vagina. Warts can also appear on the mucous membrane of the rectum, which is accompanied by problems with bowel movements and inflammation.
Diagnostic measures
In the presence of papillomas in the anus, it is necessary to consult a proctologist. To begin with, a specialist will examine the affected tissue. Additionally, retro-manoscopy is performed - during the examination of the rectum, the doctor determines the presence of lesions of the intestinal tissues.
Sometimes experts recommend taking a blood test. As far as possible, PCR diagnostics are carried out, which allows you to accurately determine the type of papilloma virus and assess the degree of risk for the patient. Samples of tissue taken from the wart are also sent to the laboratory to check for malignant cells.
Medical cauterization and treatment regimen for infection with the papilloma virus
As already mentioned, the appearance of warts indicates the penetration of the virus into the body and the weakening of the immune system. That is why patients are advised to take antiviral drugs, including Epigen and Panavir. To strengthen the defenses, immunomodulators are used, for example, Reaferon, Immunal. Drug therapy inhibits the reproduction of the virus and helps prevent the appearance of new warts. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to completely get rid of the pathogen.
As for the removal of existing growths, the simplest way is cauterization using special chemical solutions. For topical use, bi- and trichloacetic acid are used, as well as Condilin. Such drugs destroy the wart tissue. Nevertheless, in such a delicate part of the body, such a procedure can be extremely unpleasant. Moreover, chemical moxibustion is fraught with relapse (the appearance of new papillomas), the formation of scars and scars.
Removal of warts: basic methods
There are many ways to remove anal warts:
- Surgical excision is a fairly radical procedure, which consists in cutting out tumors under local anesthesia with further suturing. This technique is justified only in the presence of giant genital warts. The operation is fraught with risks, including bacterial infection of tissues with further inflammation. In addition, the rehabilitation period lasts quite a long time.
- Cryodestruction - removal of papillomas on the anus with liquid nitrogen. Under the influence of ultra-low temperatures, wart cells are destroyed.
- Electrocoagulation - skin growths are destroyed by electric current.
- Radio wave destruction - a neoplasm is excised using a high-frequency radio knife.
- To date, the most advanced method is laser removal of papillomas. The laser quickly destroys even the smallest neoplasms, while cauterizing damaged small vessels and preventing tissue infection. This procedure takes only a few minutes, and the rehabilitation period is relatively short.
Folk remedies for papillomas
Many people are interested in questions about whether it is possible to get rid of skin growths on their own. Folk remedies for papillomas exist. For example, many healers recommend treating genital warts with household soap. You can burn skin growths with the help of Kalanchoe juice or celandine. An iodine solution is also considered effective, although when using this tool there is a risk of burns.
It should be understood that the removal of skin neoplasms should not be carried out independently. Traditional medicine can be used only with the permission of a doctor. Inept attempts to get rid of growths can only worsen the situation.
Effective preventive measures
Many people are faced with a problem such as papillomas on the anus. Treatment of the disease is long and often associated with complications. That is why it is better to try to prevent infection of the body. To date, special vaccines have been developed that protect against the papilloma virus, however, they will be effective only if the infection has not yet occurred. Irregular sexual intercourse without contraception is dangerous.
In order to avoid the appearance of growths, it is recommended to strengthen the immune system, eat right, maintain physical activity, periodically take vitamin complexes. It is important to give up bad habits. Mandatory is the observance of the rules of personal hygiene. Do not forget that stressful situations and emotional overstrain affect the level of hormones and weaken the immune system.