Hypertension is understood as primary arterial hypertension of unknown origin. That is, this is an independent form in which an increase in pressure occurs for no apparent reason and is not associated with other pathologies. Hypertension should be distinguished from secondary hypertension, in which high blood pressure is a symptom of any disease from among the cardiovascular, renal, neurological, endocrine and others.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, more than one classification has been proposed. Hypertension was divided into species according to one or more criteria. This distinction is necessary, because for successful treatment it is important to correctly determine the form of the disease.
What classification is used today? Hypertension can be systematized according to the appearance of the patient, the reasons for the appearance, the level of increased pressure, the nature of the course, the degree of organ damage, and options for increasing blood pressure. Classification by appearance is not used today, the rest are still actively used in medical practice.
Today, doctors around the world most often share hypertension in terms of blood pressure and the degree of damage to organs in which blood supply is disturbed due to an ailment.
The classification of hypertension by pressure level in mmHg is of practical importance in medicine. st .:
the optimal value is 120/80;
normal - 120 / 80-129 / 84;
normal border - 130 / 85-139 / 89;
I degree of hypertension - 140 / 90-159 / 99;
II degree of hypertension - 160 / 100-179 / 109;
III degree of hypertension - more than 180/110.
Hypertonic disease. Pressure classification
Three degrees of the disease are distinguished, while their names do not characterize the condition of the patient, but only the level of pressure:
I degree - mild: blood pressure can be in the range of 140-159 / 90-99;
II degree - moderate: blood pressure is 160-179 / 100-109;
III degree - severe: blood pressure more than 180/110.
Classification of hypertension by stages
In this case, the disease is divided according to the degree of organ damage and the following stages are distinguished:
First one. The increase in blood pressure is insignificant and unstable, usually happens during exercise. No changes in the organs. There are no complaints, the pressure normalizes after a rest without taking medications.
The second one. A more persistent increase in blood pressure is noted, in connection with which changes in the organs appear, but their functions are not impaired.
Most often, an increase in the left ventricle is observed. In addition, changes in the kidneys, blood vessels of the brain, and the retina are possible. Constant pressure control and appropriate medications are required.
Third stage. The pressure is stably kept at a high level. Bodies are not only changed, but their work is disrupted. As a rule, kidney and heart failure develops, hemorrhages and degenerative changes in the fundus, atrophy and swelling of the optic nerve appear. The medication is indicated.
Other classifications
The following classification. Hypertension can have four options for increasing pressure :
systolic - increased upper, lower - not more than 90 mm RT. st .;
diastolic - increased only the lower, upper - less than 140 mm RT. st .;
- systolodiastolic;
labile hypertension - pressure drops without the use of antihypertensive drugs.
There is another classification. Hypertension can be divided by the nature of the course. There are two forms of the disease: benign and malignant.
In the first case, hypertension develops slowly, goes through three stages in the degree of pressure increase and in the severity of changes in the internal organs in connection with high blood pressure.
Malignant form is rare. It usually develops in young people and children; it has a stable high blood pressure and severe organ damage. It is characterized by signs such as headaches, cramps, vomiting, transient blindness, coma.