In the article, we consider the instructions for use for the Cefosin injections.
The drug is a semi-synthetic antibiotic with a wide spectrum of effects. The only dosage form in which this medication is produced is a powder for the manufacture of a solution for intramuscular and intravenous use, white or yellowish in color. According to the instructions for use, the composition of Cefosin includes the active substance cefotaxime.
Pharmacological properties of the drug
The medication is a third-generation cephalosporin semi-synthetic antibacterial medication with a wide range of effects. Its bactericidal effect is to inhibit the synthesis of cell walls of microorganisms.
As indicated by the instructions for use with Cefosin, this drug is active against such gram-positive microbes as:
- Staphylococcus spp.
- Enterococcus spp.
- Erysipelothrix insidiosa.
Gram-negative bacteria that are susceptible to the action of the drug:
- Escherichia coli.
- Haemophilus influenza.
- Enterobacter spp.
- Providencia spp. Klebsiella spp.
- Serratia spp.
- Neisseria meningitides.
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae and others.
Anaerobic microorganisms having sensitivity to cefotaxime are:
- Eubacterium spp.
- Peptostreptococcus spp. and others.
Microorganisms resistant to cefotaxime are:
- Enterococcus spp.
- Acinetobacter baumannii.
- Listeria monocytogenes.
- Clostridium difficile.
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
- Methi-R Staphylococcus.
- Pseudomonas cepacia.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa and others.
This drug is able to show resistance to the effects of beta-lactamases of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including Clostridium difficile.
Pharmacokinetic properties
In accordance with the instructions for use with Cefosin, after the first administration of this medication intravenously or intramuscularly, its maximum concentration in the blood occurs after 5 minutes. The substance reaches therapeutic concentrations in most body fluids and tissues: peritoneal, synovial, spinal, pleural, as well as in bile, sputum, urine, bones, gall bladder, myocardium, soft tissues and skin. The drug is able to penetrate into breast milk.
It is excreted mainly by the kidneys: unchanged - 70%, and in the form of metabolites - the rest.
In patients with impaired renal function, as well as in elderly patients, there is a two-fold increase in drug absorption.
Indications for use
What else does the instructions for use tell us for Cefosin injections? The drug is indicated for the following varieties of infectious inflammatory pathologies that are provoked by microbes sensitive to it. We are talking about the following diseases:
- bacterial infection of the lower and upper respiratory tract;
- pathological processes that cause inflammation of the ENT organs;
- inflammatory pathologies of the genitourinary system;
- diseases of bones and joints;
- sepsis;
- infectious damage to soft tissues and skin;
- abdominal infections (peritonitis);
- infectious and inflammatory pathologies of organs in the pelvis;
- gonorrhea;
- infectious diseases of the nervous system (including meningitis);
- endocarditis;
- Lyme disease
- chlamydia
- infected and inflamed wounds and burns;
- salmonellosis;
- infectious pathologies in patients with immunodeficiencies.
In addition, the drug "Cefosin" is used to prevent inflammatory complications after gynecological, traumatological, abdominal and urological surgical procedures.
Contraindications
Instructions for use with "Cefosin" reports that the absolute contraindications to the use of the medication are:
- children's age up to two years (for intramuscular use);
- high sensitivity to the cephalosporin group of antibacterial substances, as well as to Ξ²-lactam penicillins.
This medication should be used with caution in newborns, as well as in patients with impaired functional qualities of chronic kidneys, with ulcerative colitis (even in the anamnesis), during pregnancy and lactation.
This is also confirmed by the instructions for use with Cefosin. Reviews and analogues will be presented below.
Mode of application
The drug solution should be administered intramuscularly or intravenously (in a stream or drip). To prepare the solution, the drug powder is diluted in 2 ml of water for injection. As a solvent, a lidocaine solution can also be used. The medicine should be administered slowly, for 5-6 minutes.
The following dosage regimens are recommended:
- Adults and children over 12 years of age - 1000 mg once every 12 hours. In severe cases of the disease, 3000β4000 mg per day (1000 mg is administered in several doses). The maximum daily dosage is 12,000 mg.
- Infants and children under 12 years of age: 50 or 100 mg per kilogram of body weight every 12 hours.
- Premature infants - 50 mg per kilogram of weight.
People who have pathologies of the functioning of the kidneys need a dosage adjustment of the antibacterial agent in a smaller direction.
Instructions for use with Cefosin does not end there.
The duration of therapy is established by a specialist individually. To prevent possible infections before surgery, 1 g is administered once during general anesthesia. If there is such a need, the drug is administered again after 6 and 12 hours. During cesarean section, when clamps are applied to the umbilical vein, 1 g is administered intravenously, then additionally 1 g after 6 and 12 hours.
With creatinine clearance of 20 ml / min / 1.73 m 2 or less, the daily dose is reduced by half. If a severe course of infections is observed, including meningitis, the daily dose to children can be increased to 100-200 mg / kg, they are administered intramuscularly or intravenously, in 4-6 doses, the maximum daily dose is 12 g.
Side effects from this medication
Possible negative reactions from some systems and organs:
- digestive system: nausea, constipation, vomiting, stomatitis, epigastric pain, impaired microflora, flatulence, glossitis, impaired liver function, pseudomembranous colitis;
- blood formation system: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, granulocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, hypocoagulation;
- urinary system: interstitial nephritis, oliguria, anuria, azotemia, increased levels of urea in the blood;
- nervous system: cephalalgia, dizziness;
- cardiovascular system: the development of dangerous arrhythmias;
- allergic manifestations: rashes, itching, eosinophilia, urticaria, chills, fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, bronchospasm, Lyell syndrome (epidermal toxic necrolysis), anaphylaxis, angioedema;
- local reactions: during intravenous administration - pain along the vein, phlebitis; with intramuscular administration - infiltration and soreness;
- in the body as a whole: superinfection, candidal vaginitis, false positive Coombs test.
According to the instructions for use, the dosage of Cefosin should be strictly observed.
Symptoms of an overdose of this drug
With an increase in the dosage of cefotaxime, the development of symptoms of an overdose is possible, which is manifested by the occurrence of seizures, increased excitability, encephalopathy, tremor. In such cases, symptomatic therapy is recommended.
Special instructions for the use of the medication
An allergic history should be ascertained before using the medicine βCefosinβ, especially with regard to Ξ²-lactam antibacterial drugs. It must be borne in mind that cross-allergy is possible between penicillins and cephalosporin antibacterial drugs. For patients who have a history of high sensitivity reactions to penicillin, this medication should be used with caution, taking into account the risk of developing a severe anaphylactic reaction, often leading to death.
In cases of prolonged therapy, monitoring of the blood picture is necessary. In the first weeks of using cefotaxime, pseudomembranous forms of colitis may occur, which is manifested by severe diarrhea. In such cases, this medication should be discontinued and appropriate therapy should be carried out, including oral administration of vancomycin and metronidazole.
The use of the drug in lactation and pregnancy
The medicine "Cefosin" can be used to treat pregnant women only in situations where the potential benefit for them exceeds the risks to the fetus. Since the active substance of the drug has the ability to penetrate into breast milk, if necessary, it should not be used during lactation, or it is necessary to temporarily interrupt breastfeeding.
Instructions for use with the analogues of the drug "Cefosin" will not be presented.
Drug interaction
This medication when used with some other medicines can provoke the development of the following effects:
- With aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, polymyxin B and other nephrotoxic drugs: enhances their nephrotoxic effect. Therefore, monitoring of renal function is necessary.
- With antiplatelet agents, as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: increase the likelihood of bleeding.
- With drugs that block tubular secretion: increased plasma concentrations of cefotaxime and delayed its elimination process.
- With ethanol: with concomitant use with cefotaxime, the occurrence of disulfiram-like reactions is not observed.
This is indicated in the instructions for use.
Analogs of Cefosin
Drugs that have an effect similar to this medication are:
- "Intrataxim".
- Cefotaxime Vial.
- "Claforan."
- "Talcef."
- Kefoteks.
- "Liforan".
- Oritaxim.
- Oritax.
- Cefotaxime.
Similar means should be selected by the doctor. Self-medication is unacceptable. It is important to understand that the development of adverse reactions is not excluded, which faces serious consequences. We reviewed the instructions for use and the description of "Cefosin". The following are reviews about this medication.
Reviews on this drug
The drug is widely used in clinical medicine and today is one of the most popular antibacterial drugs. Judging by the reviews, it is considered very effective, especially with the development of serious infectious pathologies that threaten the patient's life.
Experts say that you should not use this medication on your own, since it is a very strong medicine, which should only be prescribed by doctors for certain indications.
Patients indicate that the effect of treatment with this antibiotic occurs very quickly, however, the severity of side effects is also very high. In this case, the most common negative symptom from the use of the drug is persistent diarrhea, which is associated with a change in the balance of microflora in the intestine. As a rule, this was not required to cancel the drug, but delivered a lot of inconvenience and discomfort to patients.
The article presented instructions for use and reviews of Cefosin.