According to statistics, up to 3.5% of the population of the Russian Federation suffer from various kidney diseases, and most of them are women. This fact can only be explained by the physiological features of the structure of the female body. However, men are also often diagnosed with kidney diseases, which in their case are more difficult to treat.
Symptoms of kidney disease in adults, both men and women, can be very diverse and they are not limited to tingling or pain in the part of the lower back where the kidneys are anatomically located. Common signs of the disease that should alert you include the unusual color and unpleasant smell of urine, a significant increase in body temperature and blood pressure, as well as general weakness, dry mouth, constant thirst and loss of appetite. In addition, as a result of laboratory analysis, blood and protein can be detected in the urine. This may indicate violations in the activity of the kidneys and the development of a pathological process in them. External signs of urological diseases are swelling of the face, limbs, as well as the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
In addition, signs of kidney disease may appear in deviation from the daily rate of urine output. The norm for an adult healthy person is 2 liters of urine per day. But some kidney diseases can provoke an increase in this amount, or, conversely, a decrease. Therefore, such a side symptom, like thirst, can be caused precisely by excessive excretion of fluid from the body by the kidneys. All of the above first signs of kidney disease should be an occasion to see a urologist. Having made a diagnosis on time, he will prescribe the appropriate treatment. You can not ignore the signs of kidney disease, and even more so, self-medicate.
In medical practice, all urological problems are usually divided into three groups, each of which has its own distinctive signs of kidney disease:
- Inflammatory processes in the kidneys. These include pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal failure, urosepsitis, paranephritis;
- Renal alien formations. These are sand and stones;
- Difficult urine outflow. It happens with hydronephrosis, polyuria, acute urinary retention and anuria.
All the signs of an inflammatory kidney disease are accompanied by such general symptoms as a periodic increase in body temperature of more than 38 degrees, pronounced night sweating, skin color of an unnaturally earthy or icteric color, loss of appetite, frequent headaches, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, high blood pressure. In this case, the patient experiences constant aching pain in the lumbar region. It is difficult for him to walk, move, rotate the body to the sides, since pain is felt with every movement.
The formation of sand or kidney stones is a rather insidious disease and difficult to diagnose. Symptoms of this disease may not manifest for years, the patient feels satisfactorily and does not have special complaints about his state of health. Only much later, with the formation of a large amount of sand or large stones in the kidneys, a person begins to feel pains characteristic of the course of inflammatory processes. The pain is felt very sharply on palpation, that is, palpation of the kidney. The urine of such patients is cloudy, it can be very saturated, almost brown in color, since it contains blood.
Symptoms of obstructed urine outflow vary depending on the type of disease. In anuria, urine does not enter the bladder at all due to many processes, for example, damage to the renal parenchyma, the inflammatory process, or as a result of obstruction of the outflow of urine. Frequent, painful urination in small portions is characteristic of dysuria. With acute urinary retention, there are bursting pains in the lower abdomen with imperative characteristic urges, accompanied by the inability to satisfy the need.