The books of Omar Khayyam to this day are considered one of the best in world literature. Many of his quotes are used in various life situations. After himself, Omar Khayyam, the rubai (quatrains, were widely distributed in the Middle East), which are considered by many experts to be excellent, left a number of students.
Biography
Omar Khayyam Nishapuri is a mathematician, philosopher, astronomer and poet native to Persia. The books of Omar Khayyam are recognizable all over the world, but in history he is known not only as a writer. He left a significant mark in algebra. His contribution to mathematics can be attributed to the fact that he created a new way to solve cubic equations. To do this, he used conical sections.
Of course, the most famous books of Omar Khayyam about the meaning of life, as well as about love. He became famous in Iran and Afghanistan thanks to the created calendar, which was called the most accurate. The followers of Khayyam were the famous scientists who were his students.
Childhood
Omar Khayyam was born, the ruby of which almost everyone read, May 18, 1048. The birthplace is the city of Nishapur, which is located in one of the provinces of Iran. The books of Omar Khayyam were interested from early childhood, and since he was the only son in the family, his father tried to give him the best education. Dad Khayyam worked as a tent. Also in the family was a daughter, whose name was Aisha.
Already at the age of eight, the boy began to get seriously involved in philosophy, mathematics and astronomy. Despite his young age, he knew the Qur'an completely by heart.
At the age of twelve, he began to study at a local madrassah (a Muslim educational institution). Famous love poems Omar Khayyam has not yet begun to write. He studied very diligently and completed a course in Muslim law, as well as medicine, thus obtaining the qualifications of a doctor.
Youth
Despite the fact that he became a doctor, Khayyam decided to continue further training. He began to study the work of many famous mathematicians.
The early years of the philosopher, who later wrote the most witty aphorisms and quotes, fell on the days of the Seljuk conquest of Central Asia. During this period, a huge number of scientists died. Khayyam wrote about them in the preface to one of his books when he began to compose rubayat.
Omar Khayyam at the age of sixteen lost his father and mother, who died during the epidemic. Having sold the house, as well as the workshop, the poet went to Samarkand. At that moment, this city was the most developed in the scientific sense in the whole East. Here he continued his studies at one of the Muslim schools. However, speaking several times at the debate, Omar attracted attention, and they decided to appoint him as a teacher.
Relocation Khayyam
However, in Samarkand, Omar Khayyam, who wrote the most witty aphorisms and quotes, lingered only four years. I must say that at that time most scientists were in constant relocation. The next stop was the city of Bukhara, where Khayyam began to work in the storage of books. Here he stayed for ten whole years and managed to create four treatises on mathematics, as well as some poems about love.
Omar Khayyam in 1074 received an offer to move to the city of Isfahan. He was invited by Melik Shah I. Here he became the main spiritual mentor of the Sultan. In addition, he was appointed director of the observatory, which was one of the largest in the world. It was at this moment that he began to study astrology in addition to mathematics, and soon became quite famous in this position. Working with a group of other scientists, Khayyam developed a solar calendar that has become more accurate than the Gregorian one. Subsequently, he created astronomical tables that included an insignificant catalog of stars.
In 1092, the Sultan, who was the patron saint of Khayyam, died. Soon Omar was accused of freethinking, and he had to leave Isfahan. However, he continued to write poetry and rubiata.
Omar Khayyam: life after Esfahan
Little is known about the last periods of Omar Khayyam’s life, as well as about his childhood and youth. According to some reports, he spent part of the time in Merv.
During these years, he continued to write poetry about love and the meaning of life. However, at that time for many he became not only a famous mathematician and astrologer, but also an apostate. The philosophy and creations of Omar Khayyam seriously irritated the leaders of Islam, and therefore his relationship with the clergy deteriorated significantly.
Due to disagreements, the scientist had to make long pilgrimages to Mecca. At that time he was already quite a few years old. Moreover, at that time, transitions to holy places could last more than one month. In those years, he stayed in Baghdad for a while.
According to al-Baykhaki, who was close to the poetry of the East, in the later years of his life, Khayyam had a nasty character, and also less and less pleased with the works of his admirers.
Return to Nishapur
At a certain point in his life, Omar Khayyam decided to return to Nishapur. Here he was until the last days of his life. He rarely left him. At that time, Omar Khayyam was about seventy years old. According to some reports, he worked as a mentor in a local school and had a small circle consisting of students. Often meetings were held with philosophers and scientists, and debates were also held. According to many scientists, Khayyam did not want to start a family. Anyway, he didn’t like family life, he didn’t leave children behind him. After his life, he left the "Garden of Love" and many other works.
last years of life
Omar Khayyam died on December 4, 1131. About his last moments of life is known only from the words of one of his contemporaries. According to Beihaki, Khayyam felt a quick death while reading one of the books. At that time he was eighty years old. He put down the book and summoned relatives and students to him and set about making a will. After that, he did not consume either food or water. A few moments before his death, Omar Khayyam managed to read a prayer.
Scientific activity
Of course, many Omar Khayyam is known for such a work as "Love drink. The best Persian lyrics." However, in addition to literature, he was very fruitfully engaged in scientific activities.
Mathematics
Omar Khayyam has many works related to mathematics. For example, A Treatise on the Proofs of Algebra and Almukabala Problems gives a qualification and solution of equations. The first sections present methods for solving quadratic equations that appeared even earlier. However, Omar Khayyam did not take into account the fact that the cubic equation is capable of having three positive real roots. Nevertheless, he could not get to the Cardano formulas, but Khayyam believed that in the future a solution would be found.
In the introduction to this work, the scientist defined algebra. This concept is one of the first in history and gives an idea of this science.
"Comments on the difficulties in introducing the book of Euclid" is one of the most important works of Omar Khayyam. He finished writing in 1077. The work includes three books. The first was devoted to the original direct, and the second and third to the theory of relations and proportions. In the first book, he introduced the fifth postulate of Euclid, but replaced it with a simpler equivalent.
All the works written by Omar Khayyam made an invaluable contribution to mathematics. Many treatises helped followers discover new laws and postulates.
Astronomy
During his life in Isfahan, Khayyam managed a whole group of scientists. In those days, this city acted as a leading place in scientific development. Melik Shah allocated a lot of money for the needs of science. That period in the history of the Seljuk state can be called the best.
For five years of research, Omar Khayyam was able to compile a new calendar, which was particularly accurate. Its official adoption took place in 1079. The main purpose of this calendar was to link the day of the beginning of the year to the time of the vernal equinox. He began to bear the name "Jalali" in honor of the Sultan. The length of the month in this calendar could be from twenty-nine to thirty-two days. Everything depended on the entry of the sun into a particular zodiac sign. It was also proposed to change the name of the months and days, but such an innovation did not take root, and the names corresponded to the current zodiac sign.
At the time of Omar Khayyam’s life in Europe, the Julian calendar was used. From an astrological point of view, he was less accurate. The calendar created by Omar Khayyam was even more accurate than the Gregorian calendar, which was later used in Europe. It more closely corresponded to the year of the spring equinoxes.
The work of Omar Khayyam became the basis for the creation of a new Iranian calendar, which began to operate in 1079. In the same year he compiled a catalog that included a list of one hundred stars.
Rubai
During his life, Omar Khayyam was known as a great scientist. However, all the time he wrote poems in which he described his attitude to man, love, knowledge and so on. Fans of oriental poetry translated aphorisms and quotes into many languages. However, poets often attributed their works to Omar Khayyam. Moreover, the number of works that appeared under the name of Khayyam was constantly growing. In the twentieth century, the number of works attributed to the Persian scholar exceeded five thousand.
Many wrote poems under the name of Khayyam to avoid persecution for freethinking. As a result, it is very difficult to understand how much the quatrain Omar Khayyam actually wrote. Many experts are of the opinion that perhaps the Persian scholar did not write poetry. Some researchers suggest that Omar Khayyam wrote from three hundred to five hundred ruby.
For a sufficiently long period of time they forgot about him. Only after 1800 did Omar Khayyam's recordings reach the poet from Great Britain, who was engaged in their translation. Soon, the rubyes gained immense popularity among readers. Thanks to the verses, all the works of the Persian scientist were again able to attract attention.
Aphorisms, quotes and poems
Centuries later, the work of Omar Khayyam was able to gain immense popularity among readers. It is difficult to single out any specific verses.
Perhaps you can highlight the data quotes Omar Khayyam:
- One refrain from my Wisdom:
"Life is short - so give it free rein!
It’s smart to cut trees
But to rob oneself is much more stupid! " - What is there, behind the shabby curtain of Darkness
Fortune-telling confused minds.
When the curtain collapses with a bang,
We will see how wrong we were.