A person is usually not inclined to admire his nose, although he deserves it in the first place. More often people unnecessarily criticize this part of the face and dream of changing it. But did you know that the nose is a real decoration of a person and an irreplaceable organ. Doctors have already conducted successful experiments on transplantation of many organs, but the nose has not yet been included in their number.
Anatomical structure
The nose consists of cartilage. But this is only its tip, the third part. More than 2/3 of the nose is hidden inside and have a very complex structure. It consists of 14 bones:
- 5 paired (maxillary, palatine, lacrimal and nasal, 2 nasal concha).
- 4 unpaired (opener and sphenoid bones, frontal and ethmoid).
The outer cartilage is adjacent to the bone. The nose is divided by a septum; it naturally has a natural curvature. The left half of our sense of smell organ is more sensitive to odors.
The nasal cavity has the shape of an elongated channel in the front of the skull. Its beginning is the nostrils, and the ending is the choans. These are the holes that connect the nose to the nasopharynx.
Most of the organ is occupied by the nasal passages - there are 3 floors. They communicate with cavities in the walls of the skull - sinuses. There are four pairs of them:
- Gaymorov.
- Frontal.
- Wedge-shaped.
- Cells of the ethmoid labyrinth.
Normally they are filled with air. When inflammation occurs, edema develops in them, mucus accumulates, which can provoke a purulent process.
The structure of the mucosa
The inner surface of the nose is covered with a very sensitive mucous membrane. Therefore, any blows to this area of ​​the face are so painful. The mucous membrane is always moist and warm, there are a lot of vessels in it.
Inside, the nostrils are covered with short, hard hairs (vibris), which sometimes look outward in older people. The hairs have a protective function - they hold up large particles falling into the nose.
If they miss something, the sticky mucus to which foreign particles adhere will be another barrier.
The mucous membrane has 2 zones - respiratory and olfactory. The latter is located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. It contains 12 million olfactory receptor cells, the number of which decreases with age.
In general, a person is able to catch 10,000 odors. The fact that the nose is not able to catch, can become deadly for humans, such as natural gas or carbon monoxide.
You need to know that the sense of smell is directly related to the center of memory of the brain. Newborn babies smell much more sharply than adults. But already in the first year of life, this ability is halved.
The respiratory part of the mucous membrane is covered with ciliated epithelium with many cilia, which make specific movements that impede the penetration of pathogenic particles. The nose is a real protective biological filter. There are many lymph nodes in his mucosa that supply white blood cells that kill bacteria. The nasal mucosa should always remain moist. With its dryness, a person becomes sick.
Nose growth
It is believed that the nose grows and takes its shape by 10 years. Further, it grows already slowly: in women under 17 years old, in men - up to 19. Under the influence of gravity, with age, this organ begins to sag slightly, lengthen. This occurs due to the destruction of elastin and collagen in the skin, which indicates the onset of old age.
However, Swiss scientists argue that this organ has been growing all its life, although this is not so noticeable. To do this, 2500 different noses were examined and it was revealed that, for example, at 97 years old it is 8 mm longer than at 30 years old.
Functions
The nose is, first of all, a tool for ventilation of the lungs. It is he who provides rhythmic deep breathing, on which even the state of the psyche depends. With unrest, breathing becomes uneven, superficial, quickens. To calm you, it is always recommended to breathe deeply rhythmically. Then the normal rhythm of vital activity of the cells of the body is restored.
Calm breathing alkalizes the body. This is useful. Intense and frequent inspirations-exhalations cause hyperventilation of the lungs. This is unhealthy because blood acidifies. Acidosis destroys cell membranes and the walls of blood vessels, can lead to stroke. The breath hold is also valid. Thus, the nose is not only a temperature regulator in maintaining a stable temperature regime, but also a participant in the bioenergy regime of the body.
This is well known to the yogis. In their treatises, the breath of one right nostril is called “solar”, and the breath of one left nostril is called “lunar”.
The body warms through the right nostril, but acidosis can occur with the duration of such breathing. When breathing only through the left body, the alkaline resource of the blood cools and increases. Alternating breathing of this kind can regulate acid-base balance.
A person cannot live without oxygen, but the lungs are not able to take it directly. First, the air should be warmed up optimally, cleaned of dust and harmful impurities, moistened.
All these tasks are performed by the nose. Why does mouth breathing not provide oxygen saturation, even if the mouth opens wide? Because only when air passes through the nose, the alveoli fully open, and oxygen enters the bloodstream.
During inspiration during the short period of time when the air passes through the nose, it warms and moisturizes. Gentle lung tissue can be protected in this way.
In some cases, the timbre of the voice also depends on the nose - it is determined by the structure of the sinuses. When they are inflamed and swollen, a person is gundos.
What gives the connection of the nose to the memory
If some spirits are associated with pleasant emotions, the signal goes to the limbic system, which connects emotions with events. The memory is exacerbated.
Have you ever paid attention to how animals, when meeting, sniff each other's noses? The fact is that in the sinuses of people and animals pheromones are accumulated, which cause sexual attraction.
Cold nose symptom
Sometimes people complain of a constantly cold nose - both in the heat and in the cold, even indoors. When freezing or being in the cold on the street is a common occurrence. In other cases, such a condition can talk about some pathologies or conditions of the body.
Leaving this unattended is not worth it. A cold nose is a sign of healthy cats and dogs, but not humans. He has an organ of smell and nose should be warm. Violation of heat regulation, namely peripheral circulation - this is the most common cause of a cold nose in a person.
Pathologies with a cold nose
The process of thermoregulation is controlled by the hypothalamus, which is often compared with the on-board computer. Throughout the body there are very sensitive thermoreceptors that pick up even the most insignificant fluctuations in the temperature of the environment and transmit a signal to the hypothalamus. This body controls the increase or decrease in heat transfer, so the temperature in the body is constant and normally ranges from 36.4 to 37 ° C. If this chain is violated, a decrease in temperature occurs. In a person, the nose, hands, ears, cheeks begin to freeze first.
The disrupted work of the hypothalamus can make heat loss critical, catabolism can slow down to a deadly mark. Failures are noted in the cardiac and endocrine systems, with blood diseases and other pathologies.
Another reason for a cold nose in humans is laziness and lack of exercise in modern residents of megacities, as well as low stress resistance. The combination of impaired blood circulation and stress disrupts thermoregulation.
Cardiovascular diseases
Complaining about a cold nose seems ridiculous or not worthy of attention to many. However, the causes of a cold nose in an adult will not cause laughter at all upon closer examination. If the nose freezes, it means that the body gives off heat, but it cannot produce it in sufficient quantities.
Why does a person have a cold nose? The causes may be in heart disease, pulmonary, renal, as these pathologies lead to high blood pressure. Then blood circulation is disturbed in the organ of smell, brain, blood vessels and limbs.
Cold nose in 82% of cases is a malfunction of the cardiovascular system and a sign of myocardial hypoxia. This usually occurs in the elderly, smokers, neurotics. No less harmful is hypotension.
Arterial hypotension
Acute hypotension and myocardial dysfunction are always combined. Hypoxia disrupts gas exchange in the tissues. It prevents normal redox reactions from occurring that would maintain a normal temperature. The result is hypoxia. If there is little oxygen, there is no heat generation.
Raynaud's disease
Why is there always a cold nose in a person diagnosed with Raynaud's disease? Because it affects the surface capillaries. A cold nose can be a harbinger of this. Permanent hypothermia, rheumatism, stress, endocrinopathy are capable of provoking Raynaud's disease.
Vegetative dystonia
The cause of a cold nose in a person can be a violation in the autonomic system. Vegetatics is always secondary and becomes a consequence:
- Depression
- Hypertension.
- Ischemic heart disease.
- Endocrine disruption.
Due to stress, peripheral vasoconstriction occurs with impaired blood supply, the nose gets colder. The causes of the cold tip of a person’s nose are lack of blood circulation. Respiratory distresses also join in, as less oxygen enters, so body temperature becomes lower.
Diabetes
In diabetes mellitus, thermoregulation is always impaired, which also makes the nose colder in humans. Fluctuations in the blood sugar adversely affect the work of the hypothalamus, thermal equilibrium with the environment suffers. This can also cause a cold nose in humans. In addition, diabetes reduces the elasticity of blood vessels, so peripheral circulation is impaired.
The patient has not only thirst, but also a constant feeling of cold. Biochemical processes in the body during diabetes with heat release slow down, cold limbs and nose are frequent companions of this pathology.
Hypothyroidism
Why is a person’s nose cold with thyroid dysfunction? The fact is a violation of lipid metabolism, because of which the muscles begin to be replaced by adipose tissue. Contraction of muscle fibers normally produces heat - this is contractile thermogenesis. Remember, to keep warm in the cold, you need to jump or run a little. It’s impossible to warm the nose like that. If heat is not generated in the required volume, the surface capillaries narrow.
Circulatory disorders are the causes of a person's constantly cold nose. That is why, even when entering a warm room, a person cannot warm up for a long time.
Of importance is the fact that with hypothyroidism, thyroid hormones are produced less than normal, and they are regulators and controllers of energy production in the body. Therefore, chills, a feeling of constant fatigue, dry skin, brittle hair and nails.
Muscles weaken, weight increases, general inhibition is observed. Therefore, a person freezes all the time. Why is a person’s nose constantly cold? The cause may be hormonal failure.
Not only gland hypofunction, but also AIT disease (autoimmune thyroiditis) can lead to hormone deficiency. Less commonly, the complete removal of the thyroid gland may be the cause.
Cold reaction
Why is a person’s nose cold? When ears, nose, arms and legs freeze in the cold - this is the norm, but only to a certain limit. If blood vessels are narrowed more than acceptable limits from cold, blood circulation is sharply disturbed. In this case, frostbitten skin whitens, there is a feeling of numbness. No movements, such as grinding, give an effect.
If at the same time you were able to return to normal blood flow, the blood rushes sharply, pain, throbbing, tingling in the affected areas occurs. Why does the nose get cold in the cold? At a low temperature of the environment, the body drives blood to vital organs in order to fully work - this is the acquisition of evolution. Protruding parts of the body in the cold are supplied with blood worse than everyone else.
We must not forget that the cartilaginous tissue of the nose is devoid of fat, so nothing protects it from the cold. One must be able to distinguish when the nose gets cold temporarily, and when it is already a pathology. If you tremble a lot, feel very tired, lose coordination in space, this suggests that you urgently need to look for a warm place.
Cold viruses like cold noses
This was proved by scientists from Yale University, USA, who conducted the following experiment. Observations of rhinoviruses, which are the causative agents of acute respiratory viral infections, showed that at body temperature (36-37 ° C) they are less active. And the temperature in a cold nose of 33 ° C causes their noticeable liveliness. Therefore, people often get sick precisely in cold weather. Due to the "love" of viruses for relatively cool temperatures, they do not penetrate further than the nose, for example, into the lungs. There, for them, the temperature is too high.
Stress
A cold nose in a person is a sign of severe stress. Problems at home or at work can cause this condition. Studies have shown that the stronger the stress, the colder the person’s nose. Its temperature decreases by a whole degree (when compared with other parts of the body).
The mechanism of this phenomenon is the same as in frost. Stress disrupts the functioning of many body systems. In this case, the function of maintaining the body of smell is warm, one might say, fades into the background. Therefore, the tip of the nose gets colder.
Fatigue indicator
Many people know what an indicator is. What relation can it have to the organ of smell? Studies by scientists have shown that a cold nose in humans can occur with excessive intellectual stress. In this case, the blood flows to the cerebral cortex. To warm her nose again is not enough.
This indicates the need for rest after overloading the body. Scientists even recommend using a cold nose in an adult as a marker for assessing the degree of fatigue in some professions - air traffic controllers, pilots, and resuscitation department doctors. Representatives of these professions are experiencing tremendous stress. To relax, it is useful for them to massage and rhythmic deep breaths.
Treatment
How to improve blood circulation and warm the nose? First you need to get rid of physical inactivity. Pills alone, combined with lying on the couch, will not do any good. It is necessary to regularly do wellness exercises, if possible, visit the pool, take a contrast shower.
Good results are given by massage, rubbing, warm baths. Before going to bed, it is recommended to walk on foot in fresh air (about an hour), regardless of weather conditions.
Of course, if a hurricane rages on the street or there is a downpour, you need to stay at home. If you are generally healthy, but just frozen, then in a short time you will definitely warm up without problems. It is only necessary to enter a warm room. The predominance of the tone of the sympathetic nervous system over the parasympathetic is also not very scary. This condition does not endanger the life of the patient.
Heart and frost
Swedish scientists have long proved that subzero temperatures increase the risk of heart attacks and heart attacks by 10%. Now this is confirmed by scientists in the United States, Germany, Japan, Norway and Korea.
The fact is that in winter, the oxygen content in the premises during heating is often reduced, so the heart lacks it. When a person suffering from heart failure goes out and inhales cold air, there is a sharp release of norepinephrine. This speeds up the pulse, increases blood pressure, and cramps the vessels. Blood coagulation factors are also activated, which can cause separation or the formation of a blood clot.
Influenza increases the risk of complications from the cardiovascular system. Therefore, in winter, sitting warm, do not forget about airing in order to prevent a state of hypoxia for the body.
If you are out in the cold, do not breathe with your mouth. Only smooth nasal breathing is allowed. In severe frosts, cover your nose with a scarf or balaclava (ski mask).
In the presence of chronic pathologies in the cold, it is better to avoid physical exertion, such as running, cleaning snow, and so on. Only slow walks are possible. Nitrate-taking cores on the street should always carry a nitrospray in order to give themselves first aid for a heart attack.
Warming from the cold
Some consider alcohol No. 1 as an assistant. However, this "medication" in the vast majority of cases worsens the situation.
Experts recommend making a warm compress for warming. Wet a rag with hot water and put it on your nose until it warms up. Drinking hot tea helps keep you warm.
Prevention
If the tests showed no health problems, why does my nose freeze? One of the reasons is the so-called untrained vessels. To change this, hardening and gymnastics are needed.
Cold rubdowns, a contrast shower are useful. Exercise should be done one hour before a meal or 2 hours after. In this case, the vessels will strengthen, the blood flow rate will normalize, and immunity will increase.