Every year the number of allergic people in the world is increasing. In an effort to ensure comfort and normal functioning of the people with hypersensitivity to certain products, pharmaceutical companies produce drugs against allergies. So, for example, the drug "Desal" is a highly effective antihistamine, it is approved for use by adults and children, has virtually no contraindications and side effects.
Why is Desal called an antihistamine?
According to the instructions for use of Desal syrup, its main advantage is the ability to block H1 receptors that capture histamine. This helps prevent an allergy attack or reduce the activity of its spread.
The main active ingredient is desloratadine. Additionally, the composition has auxiliary components that do not harm the body.
According to reviews and instructions for use, the medicine "Desal" does not produce a sedative effect, which means it is suitable for people who lead an active lifestyle or are involved in complex tasks that require maximum concentration of the performer. In modern pharmacies, the drug can be found in the following forms:
Pharmacokinetics: absorption and distribution
Taking the drug in the form of a solution is the same as the drug in tablet form, the content of the active substance is similar.
After oral administration, the active component is qualitatively absorbed from the digestive tract. In blood plasma, it can be determined after half an hour or an hour. The maximum concentration is reached after 3 hours. Bioavailability is determined by the volume of the dose taken between 5 and 20 milligrams.
Communication with blood proteins ranges from 85-90%. The average course of treatment is 14 days. The degree of accumulation of desloratadine is directly dependent on the value of the half-life indicator and the frequency of use. When studying a dose calculated for a single dose (7.5 milligrams), the effect of food on the distribution of the active substance was not provided. The drug does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Metabolism and excretion
It is not a paralysis of in vitro CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 isoenzymes in vivo and is not an inhibitor or substrate of P-glycoprotein. Intensively distributed in the liver by hydroxylation with the production of 3-hydroxydesloratadine, which is subsequently glucuronidated.
According to the instructions for use of the drug "Desal" (syrup), the thermal phase of the half-life is from 27 to 30 hours. Not more than 2% of the active substance is excreted by the kidneys, through the intestines a little more - 7%.
What determines the popularity of Desal?
The antihistamine drug is widely popular and in demand among people of different ages and social status due to the record speed of action. The patient will feel a qualitative result within half an hour after taking the first dose. The medicine tastes good and is safely tolerated by most allergy sufferers. If you study the reviews of prices and instructions for the use of Desal syrup, you can understand that the affordable cost harmoniously coexists with the excellent quality of pharmaceutical products. By the way, taking the drug, you can not adhere to the diet. Through the BBB barrier, the substance does not penetrate; therefore, it does not irritate or, conversely, inhibit the nervous system.
Indications for use
Experts in the field of allergology prescribe the described drug in the following cases:
- Rhinitis due to hypersensitivity.
- Urticaria of varying severity.
Cost is an important condition
Reviews about the instructions for use and the price of "Desal" inspire optimism. To purchase the medicine, in different regions of the Russian Federation you will have to pay from 200 to 300 rubles. If you order it at one of the many online pharmacies, the price will drop further.
If we draw an analogy with other antihistamines, we can safely conclude that Desal is one of the most affordable.
Having assessed the list of advantages of the drug, we can conclude that getting rid of allergies with it will be quick, comfortable and favorable.
Recommendations for use and dosage
Description and instructions for use of the solution "Desal" report that it should be taken orally, regardless of the meal.
Adults and adolescents are usually prescribed 5 mg or 10 ml of solution throughout the day.
Children in school age (6-12 years) should consume 2.5 mg or 5 ml throughout the day.
Babies under the age of five can take only 1.25 mg or 2.5 ml throughout the day.
In the treatment of intermittent (seasonal) allergic rhinitis, when its symptoms appear at least four times a year or last from four days or more, the patient's medical history and particularities of his body should be taken into account. When the main symptoms of hypersensitivity have disappeared, the drug should be stopped, with the development of repeated malaise, treatment can be repeated.
If persistent rhinitis, i.e., allergy pests a person throughout the year, it is advisable to take the drug throughout the entire period of contact with the irritant.
Adverse reactions
The instructions for the use of tablets and Desal syrup contain a list of adverse reactions of the body to taking the drug.
From the nervous system: in children under two years of age - insomnia, headache; less commonly, drowsiness, dizziness, sleep disturbances, convulsions, hyperactivity.
Mental disorders: extremely rare - hallucinations.
From the gastrointestinal tract: a common phenomenon - overdrying of the oral mucosa, diarrhea (often found in children under 2 years old), less often - nausea, vomiting, spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen, dyspepsia.
From the side of the heart: extremely rarely - palpitations, tachycardia; with unknown frequency - prolongation of the QT interval.
On the part of the liver and organs of the excretory system: quite rarely - an increase in the level of bilirubin, an increase in the activity of hepatic and renal enzymes, hepatitis; with unknown frequency - jaundice.
In the instructions for use of Desal syrup, adverse reactions from the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues also appear. Photosensitization may occur with an unknown frequency.
From the motor apparatus, muscle and connective tissue: myalgia - is rarely seen.
General disorders: high frequency (in children under 2 years) - increased body temperature, sudden jumps in fatigue, less commonly - anaphylaxis, shortness of breath, urticaria, pruritus, rash, angioedema.
Contraindications
According to the instructions for the use of the drug "Desal", the list of contraindications for its use is limited. Nevertheless, each patient should be familiar with it before using the first dose:
- increased susceptibility to the main or auxiliary components of the drug;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- infancy, age up to 1 year;
- hereditary diseases (fructose intolerance, sucrose deficiency in the body).
Overdose
Reception of a dose exceeding the recommended 9-10 times (45-50 mg) did not provoke manifestations of clinically significant symptoms.
If you mistakenly take a large amount of the drug inside, you need to take emergency measures in the form of gastric lavage and activated charcoal, as well as immediately go to the hospital.
Advice for pregnant and lactating women
Specialists in the field of obstetrics and gynecology do not recommend taking the drug to women bearing a child. Until today, the effect of its main components on the fetus has not been studied.
According to the results of clinical studies, it was proved that desloratadine is excreted in breast milk. The medication is contraindicated in lactating women.
The nature of the interaction with other groups of drugs
The instructions for use of Desal syrup indicate that when combining it with other groups of drugs, a clinically significant effect was not observed. We are talking about Ketoconazole, Fluoxetine, Erythromycin.
Synchronous intake of food or grapefruit juice does not affect the effectiveness of the drug.
Despite the presence of ethanol, desloratadine does not affect the central nervous system. But with post-registration use, cases of alcohol intolerance were recorded. Therefore, drinking alcohol while taking desloratadine should be avoided.
The ability to influence the management of vehicles and mechanisms
In modern conditions, it is extremely difficult for a person to break a busy daily routine. If he has an allergic attack, it is important to quickly get rid of his unpleasant symptoms. Also, the drug should not cause lethargy and drowsiness.
Despite the low price, the instructions for use of Desal syrup indicate that it is safe, does not produce sedative effects. The drug does not affect the rate of psychomotor reactions provided that the prescribed dose is observed.
special instructions
Patients with severe renal function problems should take the drug with caution or under the supervision of a physician.
In children under two years of age, difficulties can arise when making a differential diagnosis between allergic and other types of rhinitis. An important condition for the diagnosis is the identification of foci of infection or structural abnormalities of the upper respiratory tract, an in-depth diagnosis, a detailed history, laboratory tests and dermatological tests.
The children's group of patients and 6-7% of adults show a low ability to metabolize desloratadine. Hence, a higher exposure in patients of this group.
Laboratory tests confirming or disproving the effectiveness of desloratadine with the infectious nature of rhinitis have not been conducted.
Comparison with analogues
Based on the instructions for the use of Desal syrup for children and adults, it can be concluded that the drug Loratadine is no less effective. The main active ingredient, loratadine, will help to quickly cope with allergy symptoms in case of intolerance to patients with desloratadine, which is confirmed by patient reviews. The drug is also available in two forms - tablets and solution, it is acceptable for use by patients older than 2 years. In terms of cost, Loratadin is cheaper than Desal, but significantly exceeds it in the list of side effects. Therefore, it is better to refuse to use it to treat children.
Instructions for use of the Desala analogue syrup for children - Eriusa - reports a similar active substance in these two preparations. The drug is available in two common forms - tablets and syrup, it is contraindicated in a group of patients with renal failure.
The Claritin analogue known in the domestic market has the active substance loratadine. By form of release and method of administration, it is similar to Desal. Under strict medical supervision, even pregnant women are allowed to take it.
Lordestine contains a similar active substance, but is available only in tablet form. This significantly limits the range of patients who are allowed to take the drug - adults and children over 12 years old. According to contraindications, side effects and data on overdose, the drugs are similar, so they can easily be replaced with one another.
Every year there are more and more Desal analogues. With new symptoms or an aggravation of the course of the allergy, experts recommend changing the drug, but it is better to provide the specialist with the choice of remedy.
We examined what the drug "Desal" is. Instructions, reviews and prices are all important points that people often pay attention to. But we want to once again remind readers that self-medication, especially if there is such an ailment as an allergy, is not recommended. You can do even more harm to yourself and your loved ones. At the slightest sign of illness, seek medical advice.