Pain brings suffering, and to relieve it, a person uses various means that can reduce or remove it. Dosage forms in the form of tablets, ointments, plasters can not always cope, and then the choice falls on the injection. Anesthetic injection relieves the individual not only from suffering, but also minimizes the risk of developing serious complications. In each specific situation, different means are used.
Classification of painkillers
There are several groups of drugs:
- Local analgesics or anesthetics. The most famous among them are Novocain, Lidocaine.
- Non-narcotic, which are divided into alkanoic acids, their representative is Voltaren, and pyrazolone derivatives, they include Analgin, Butadion.
- Narcotic. Common names for painkillers are Fentanyl, Butorphanol, Morphine.
According to their effect, they are divided into analgesic agents:
- Suppressing pain susceptibility selectively, i.e., without disabling consciousness, temperature or tactile sensitivity. Drugs of this group are especially effective for pains of high intensity, they are also called opioid (narcotic) analgesics. Repeated injections of drugs lead to mental and physical dependence.
- Central action non-addictive. These include drugs for relieving headache, postoperative pain, as well as for lowering the temperature and pain syndrome with neuralgia. This type of pain medication is called non-opioid.
The following groups of analgesics are distinguished by the biochemical effect on the body:
- blocking nerve impulses, i.e., in this case, the pain signal does not enter the brain;
- having an effect directly on the pain center.
According to anti-inflammatory effects, there are:
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are endowed, in addition to the latter, with an analgesic and antipyretic effect;
- analgesics, antipyretics - are widely used in medical practice, including pediatrics, they have an unusual combination of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antithrombotic effects.
Pain medication for painful menstruation
In the female half of the population, during periods, the intensity of pain is so strong that you can not do without analgesics. This condition, of course, requires immediate medical attention. To relieve pain, the doctor can prescribe not only medications in the form of tablets, but also recommend anesthetic injection. In these cases, combined preparations are shown, which, in addition to the analgesic, also have an antispasmodic effect.
Many medical workers recommend the use of the drug “Diclofenac” and consider painkillers injections as one of the best remedies for severe pain during menstruation. The effect of the medication is aimed at alleviating the condition and removing uterine swelling. In addition, injections of this medication are prescribed for inflammatory diseases of the female genital area. Contraindications to the use of "Diclofenac" for menstruation are low body resistance, ulcerative lesions of the stomach or duodenum, metabolic and blood clotting disorders, hypertension, coronary heart disease. It is strongly not recommended to prescribe injections yourself, since there is a risk of harm to health.
The use of analgesics after surgery
After surgery, a person has pain of varying severity. To alleviate the condition, he is prescribed analgesic therapy, which includes narcotic, potent and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Anesthetic injection and dose are selected individually, depending on the intensity of the pain syndrome. Of the opioid drugs prescribed "Morphine", "Promedol", "Omnopon", "Tramadol." The effect after the injection is observed quite quickly. However, all means of this group provoke undesirable reactions of varying severity:
- nausea
- vomiting
- cramps
- Depression
- insomnia
- muscle aches.
Contraindications to the use of opiates are individual intolerance, hepatic and renal failure in a severe stage, conditions in which respiratory depression, the presence of drug withdrawal syndrome are possible. Anesthetic therapy is carried out until the pain disappears completely or partially. When deciding on the duration of treatment with these drugs, the diagnosis, severity of the condition, and the severity of symptoms are taken into account. In addition to strong analgesics, other medications are prescribed.
The introduction after the operation of anesthetic injection called "Ketorol" prevents the development of exacerbation in the subsequent period. The main active ingredient that is part of the drug relieves pain. The medication is prescribed for a short period of time. It is forbidden to use to persons with ulcerative lesions of the digestive system, bronchial asthma, kidney, liver disease and postoperative bleeding.
Drugs of choice for dental treatment
Dentists give preference in the treatment of painkillers injections, which last about six hours: "Ubistesin", "Ultracain", "Septanest". Such a long analgesic effect is possible due to the content of norepinephrine and adrenaline in the preparation. It is the presence of the latter component that provokes an undesirable reaction in the form of anxiety and heart palpitations, which most often occurs with an improperly selected dose of anesthesia. For patients who are contraindicated in vasoconstrictor drugs, it is recommended to use the drug "Mepivastesin".
During dental treatment, children are anesthetized in two stages. Initially, the place where the injection will be made is frozen using a gel or aerosol, and then an injection is made. For small patients, the drug of choice is articaine-based products. They have proven themselves pretty well and are quickly eliminated from the body. Compared with Novocain, their effectiveness is about five times higher. Anesthetic injection during dental treatment is done in the gum with a special needle, which is several times thinner than the standard. The injected drug blocks the nerve impulse, as a result, the pain signal is not transmitted to the brain. After a certain period, the drug disintegrates, and the blocked nerve resumes its ability to conduct impulses.
Oncology pain treatment
With the progression of cancer, one of the first symptoms appears pain. Having arisen suddenly, it does not stop, which provokes panic, fear, depression, and in some cases aggressiveness in patients. Unfortunately, pain is inevitable at this stage. Their tumor processes that occur in the individual’s body provoke their cancer itself. To select an analgesic therapy, the doctor relies on the type, intensity and duration of the pain syndrome. A universal medicine that can help everyone does not exist. The doctor selects painkillers for oncology individually. The change of one drug to another is carried out in cases where the currently used therapy is ineffective, including when using the maximum permitted daily doses.
Oncology Anesthesia System Levels
- Mild pain. Prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Medium - Combination therapy with drugs containing non-narcotic analgesics and light opiates is indicated. The most prescribed drug is Tramadol.
- Intolerable pain requires the appointment of the most powerful drugs "Morphine", "Fentanyl", "Buprenorphine." Strong painkillers can only be prescribed by a doctor. It must be remembered that prolonged use of the above drugs causes mental and physical dependence.
The dosage of the drug, the frequency of administration during the day is determined for each patient and, for medical reasons, can be adjusted, i.e., the number of injections or the dose of the drug is increased. Additionally, it is possible to use injections of hormonal agents such as corticosteroids, which is especially effective for bone and headaches. The following factors influence the effectiveness of the phased anesthesia method:
- treatment should be started at the first sign of pain;
- medicines are taken constantly at a certain time, and do not wait for the onset of pain;
- the choice of drug for each patient is selected individually, some features of the individual's body, duration and strength of pain are taken into account;
- the patient must have complete information about the therapy prescribed to him and the rules for taking the drugs.
All medications used to relieve or alleviate pain in oncopathology can be divided into the following groups:
- Opiates. Strong painkillers: Morphine, Fentanyl, Buprenorphine are used for very intense pain.
- Weak opiates: Tramadol.
- Preparations of different groups. These include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and hormonal drugs: Ketorol, Diclofenac, Dexalgin, Prednisolone, Dexamethasone and others.
Anesthesia for injuries
Any injury makes itself felt by a pain signal. This is a protective reaction of the body, which notifies, for example, that it is undesirable to disturb a damaged limb. Pain, having fulfilled its information function, can lead to grave consequences in the form of loss of consciousness or pain shock. Therefore, the first thing in such situations is using analgesics in the form of an anesthetic injection, and most often injections of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
However, ambulance workers give novocaine as an anesthetic. The result is a quick local analgesic effect. The action of the drug is to block the transmission and conduction of impulses along nerve fibers. Therefore, with injuries before the arrival of doctors it is not recommended to move the victim so as not to provoke a pain shock in him. In addition, at the hospital stage, the prodrug "Promedol", which has a powerful analgesic effect, is widely distributed and quite accessible. Thus, it became clear what injections anesthetize in case of injuries. In case of minor injuries - bruises, sprains, dislocations - anesthesia can be achieved by applying ice, but at the same time it should be wrapped in tissue to prevent frostbite.
Causes of Back Pain
Each person during his life is faced with pain in the back. There are several reasons for this phenomenon - from the presence of banal obesity to various serious diseases. All pain can be classified as primary, which are the result of degenerative-dystrophic changes and lead to spondylarthrosis or osteochondrosis, as well as secondary. In the latter case, the factors that provoke pain are significantly greater and the cause of its appearance lies in the following pathological conditions:
- diseases of the spine of an infectious nature;
- diseases of internal organs located near the spine;
- spinal cord injuries;
- circulatory disorders.
Pain relievers for back pain
Pain in the lower back can be acute or chronic. An individual gets used to the latter over time, and in case of the former, help is needed. Injections are considered the most reliable analgesic with one hundred percent effect. They are shown with:
- severe pain, accompanied by urinary incontinence;
- weakness and numbness of the upper or lower extremities;
- tingling in legs or arms;
- pains of such intensity that there is no strength to endure.
Intramuscular administration of the drug reduces the development of adverse reactions, the therapeutic effect occurs quickly.
Consider which painkillers injections for back pain most often recommend:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieve pain, swelling and inflammation: Ketorol, Diclofenac, Meloxicam, Ketonal. The disadvantage of using these drugs is the presence of adverse effects on the digestive tract. However, the permitted course of treatment allows you to save the effect from injections for up to six months. The choice of a specific trade name depends on the condition of the patient and the presence of concomitant pathologies.
- Muscle relaxants. With the help of this group of drugs, smooth muscle spasm and pain are removed: Flexen, Midokalm.
- For blockade, anesthetics are used, with the help of which they reduce the pain in the back: "Lidocaine", "Novocaine". To enhance the action, hormonal drugs are additionally administered.
- Complex medicines, which include B vitamins, will help anesthetize your back. Injections under the name Milgamma and Combilipen, in addition to analgesic effects, improve the structure of nerve tissues and metabolism.
- Steroid hormones. Medicines of this group are indicated for severe pathology. They are mainly used along with drugs of other groups, such as vitamins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Well-known combination products "Ambene" and "Blockium B12"
- Typical analgesics. The most famous representatives of this group are: “Analgin”, “Baralgin”, “Spazmolgon”. In addition to the analgesic effect, they have an antispasmodic and relaxing effect.
The choice of drug is determined by the intensity of the pain syndrome. Anesthetic injections for pain in the back or its lower part is the only way to eliminate it. The doctor will recommend the most suitable drug and determine the duration of its use.
Effective drugs for relieving pain in the joints
The causes of pain in the joints of the upper or lower extremities can be caused by pathological conditions:
- different types of arthrosis;
- trauma
- bursitis;
- dislocation;
- stretching;
- etc.
Regardless of the factors that triggered the pain syndrome, a doctor should be visited. He will prescribe painkillers for joint pain and will develop a treatment regimen for the disease. Vitamin B12 injections give a good analgesic effect for joint pain. Due to the action of this drug:
- muscle innervation returns to normal;
- metabolic processes are normalized;
- the functioning of the nervous system is restored;
- damaged nerve tissue is reborn.
Clinically, it was proved that the use of this vitamin led to a decrease in pain during inflammation in the acute stage. In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of injections are able to eliminate pain. Anesthetizing the joints with their help is possible only for a short period of time, since in many patients they do not give the desired effect. Different generations of drugs in this group differ in detectable adverse reactions. For acute pain, Diclofenac and Meloxicam are usually recommended. When choosing, you should carefully read the instructions for medical use and follow the course of treatment recommended by the doctor.
If the pain does not subside, then hormones are prescribed:
- "Hydrocortisone." These good pain relievers are injected directly into the joint by your doctor. The drug, in addition to analgesic action, has anti-allergenic and anti-inflammatory. A single day injection can only be given to three joints.
- "Prednisolone." It is considered the best analogue of the previous tool. Indicated for short term use.
Anesthesia for gout
The cause of the chronic disease is the accumulation of uric acid salts, most of which are in the joints. During an exacerbation of a person, severe pain is tormented. The choice of drug depends on the stage of the pathology. Tableted, external and injectable agents are used. The latter help relieve pain when other forms of medication do not help. One of the best recognized "Movalis", which is administered intramuscularly. The course of treatment lasts until an analgesic effect is achieved. Then continue the treatment with tablets. Diclofenac injections give a good result. The maximum level in the blood is reached after sixty minutes, and in the synovial fluid after three hours. Partial withdrawal from the body through the urinary tract, feces occurs after twelve hours. The patient's age, as well as the presence of a history of liver and kidney diseases, does not affect the absorption and elimination of the medication. The drug is administered twice a day in a course of no more than five days. :
- ;
- ;
- sleep disturbance;
- nausea;
- bouts of vomiting;
- , ;
- ;
- ;
- visual impairment.
. «» , , . , .
Conclusion
. , , , , , . , .