After any surgical intervention, the likelihood of developing purulent complications is high. This is due to infection of the wound, as well as the likelihood of the development of an inflammatory process in it. That is why antibiotics are prescribed after surgery. These chemicals are used to kill pathogens. The result of this effect is the elimination of the inflammatory process.
The word "antibiotics" in translation from ancient Greek means "against life". And this name justifies the action of such funds. After all, they are used to suppress the development of living cells.
Antibiotics after surgery are prescribed by your doctor. Only with his knowledge and in the right dosage should such therapy be carried out.
Need for admission
After surgery, the doctor prescribes antibiotics to patients in the form of antibiotic therapy. However, previously a specialist studies the clinic of complications, as well as the nature of the inflammatory process.
Are antibiotics needed after surgery? The doctor gives the answer to this question based on the individual characteristics of the body of each patient. There are a huge number of different factors that can affect a particular decision of a specialist. Indeed, when prescribing antibiotics, it is necessary to correctly assess the state of the patient’s defenses, individual intolerance of certain groups of chemicals, etc.
Taking antibiotics after surgery should help treat the patient. An important role is played by the prevention of the prevention of various complications caused by surgical intervention.
Why antibiotics?
Unlike other medications, these medications do not have an effect on cell receptors. Antibiotics negatively affect the microorganisms that have caused the development of the inflammatory process. They destroy those bacteria that are sensitive to them. And it doesn’t matter if they caused this disease or not.
Action on the body
What happens when a patient takes antibiotics after surgery? Once in the human body in various ways, they end up in the blood.
Further, antibiotics accumulate in organs in certain quantities. Here they produce their effect, regardless of whether they were used intravenously, topically or orally. The main thing is that the patient takes the drug on time and with the right dosage. Antibiotics are excreted from the body with bile and urine.
Selection conditions
What antibiotics are prescribed after surgery? When choosing them, the doctor takes into account the following points:
- the ability to quickly penetrate into the blood;
- the possibility of accumulation in the area of the inflammatory process;
- the presence of a minimum number of side effects;
- the convenience of the dosage form;
- time spent in the blood (at least eight hours);
- low toxicity;
- location of the purulent process;
- the swiftness of the spread of infection;
- features that the pathogen has;
- agent resistance to certain types of drugs.
What do doctors prefer to prescribe?
What antibiotics to take after surgery? The list of drugs that are most often used by specialists in such cases includes:
1. Cephalosporins. These are antibiotics such as Cefriaxone, Cefotaxin, Cefazolin, and others. These drugs are able to penetrate into aerobic and anaerobic agents, subjecting their protein enzymes to a change. The result of this effect is the inhibition of cell division of microorganisms.
2. Medications from the aminoglycoside group. Such a drug, in particular, is Amikacin. Its active substances are not able to invade the cells of pathogenic bacteria, however, they stop mitosis, while destroying protein synthesis. As a result, bacteria die.
3. Preparations of the penicillin group. This, in particular, is such a tool as Amoxiclav. It contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The first of these components significantly reduces the process of formation of cell membranes, and the second (acid) prevents the protection of bacteria from antibacterial elements.
4. Preparations of the carbalenem group. Of these, doctors most often prescribe a remedy such as Meropenem. It destroys protein synthesis, which inhibits the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. At the same time, the production of toxins by gram-negative microorganisms also stops. This leads to the appearance of an additional therapeutic effect.
All these drugs belong to the beta-lactam group. If antibiotics are prescribed after surgery, which ones are used first? First of all, doctors prescribe drugs in the cephalosporin series. This is due to the increased activity of these funds to the main part of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. In addition, the prescribed drug from this group, without a doubt, is the best antibiotic after surgery, since its action can stop infections at the very minimum risk of developing unwanted side effects.
Forms and course of admission
Only with systemic use should antibiotics be used after surgery. What forms of drugs are preferred? They are different. For example, antibiotic injections after surgery may be prescribed. In this case, both ampoule ready-made solutions and preparations in the form of powders are used.
These include funds included in the group of carbalenems and cephalosporins. In addition, in the postoperative period, antibiotics can be prescribed in tablets, as well as in suspensions. They are used in cases where the patient’s condition is relatively stable, and the level of inflammation is low.
If antibiotics are prescribed after surgery, how many days should I take? The period of taking such drugs is strictly regulated. Its duration should not exceed seven days. Exceptions are only cases of extensive lesions, sepsis, as well as bacteremia. With this development of pathology, it is possible to use several agents at the same time, the interaction of which ensures the most effective antibacterial treatment.
Drug Overview
It is believed that the most rational way to use antibiotics after surgery is through injections. Consider the main ways of introducing the most commonly used drugs.
1. Cephalosporins. These antibiotics are administered both injection and infusion. The doctor calculates the dose based on the existing clinical picture. With an eight-hour periodicity, an antibiotic is prescribed in an amount of 0.25 to 0.5 grams, and with 12-hour intervals, 1 gram each. When the patient worsens, the amount of drug administered decreases.
2. An antibiotic such as Amikacin is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Moreover, its daily amount is determined by the attending physician based on the weight of the patient. One kilogram should be prescribed 10-15 mg of the drug. The total dose of the antibiotic is divided into several doses.
3. A drug such as Amoxiclav is also administered intravenously or injection. Three times it is injected to children under 12 years of age, as well as to adult patients. A single dose is 1-2 grams. When a patient is in the age group from three months to twelve years, the amount of substance administered is calculated by weight. In this case, 30 mg of the drug must be administered per kilogram.
4. Infusion, intravenous or bolus use a drug such as Meropenem. In this case, the required dosage is determined by the doctor based on the postoperative condition of the patient. In cases where inflammatory processes occur in the skin layer or tissues, the genitourinary system or in the lungs, the drug is administered three times a day for 0.5 g. In case of sepsis (bacterial infection), the dosage rises and ranges from 1 to 2 grams. For children, this antibiotic is prescribed based on their weight, counting on one kilogram of 30-60 mg.
During the intake of almost any antibiotic, patients may experience various side effects in the form of vomiting and nausea, upset stools and abdominal pain, as well as dysbiosis. The use of drugs such as Cefotaxin and Cefazolin often causes an allergic reaction, headaches and inflammation at the injection sites. At the same time, the number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood decreases.
Side effects from the ceftriaxone antibiotic, in addition to all of the above, include in your list the development of candidiasis, as well as the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the renal pelvis.
When using the drug Amoxiclav, hematuria is added to the list of negative phenomena. And the Meropegem remedy can provoke convulsions. Amikacin antibiotic in some patients reduces the hearing and kidney function.
After dental surgery
Dentists prescribe antibiotics only when, after surgery, an inflammatory process occurs in the hole, accompanied by redness, severe swelling, and pus. In cases where a patient with a weakened immune system takes too long to heal a wound, drugs that suppress the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms are prescribed in combination with immunomodulating agents.
Antibiotics are also prescribed when the patient does not follow the basic rules of personal hygiene and forgets to rinse his mouth. After surgery, it threatens to get an infection in the wound. All this leads to an inflammatory process.
What antibiotic to drink after tooth extraction surgery? In these cases, drugs such as cefixime, ceftriaxone, and cefazolin have proven themselves well. When they enter the body, the destruction of the cell walls of bacteria occurs.
Inhibition of microbial enzymes is facilitated by such medications as Sparflo, Norfloxacin and Levofloxacin, as well as other antibiotics belonging to the fluoroquinolone group. To inhibit the protein synthesis of bacteria, tetracycline drugs (Doxycycline, Oletetrin, etc.) are used. However, the most common antibiotics that are used in the treatment of postoperative inflammatory processes in the dental wells are Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, and Linkomycin.
After removal of appendicitis
What drugs are prescribed by a doctor in the first two days after this surgery? Antibiotics after appendicitis surgery are necessarily used to prevent the likelihood of infection . Consider the most commonly assigned ones:
1. "Zinacef." This is the latest generation antibiotic. Its action eliminates pathogens of a wide variety of species. The drug is injected into the body by injection, either intravenously or intramuscularly.
2. "Dalacin." This drug suppresses the activity of those bacteria that are the causative agents of purulent-inflammatory processes. The antibiotic is administered orally or administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
3. Metrogil. Taking this antibiotic eliminates the simplest microbes and microorganisms that can inhabit where there is no oxygen. This medicine is often used in the treatment of acute appendicitis.
4. "Tienam." This drug is characterized by a combination of an antibiotic with an enzyme that prevents the destruction of the antibiotic. This action contributes to the fact that the medicine, passing through the kidneys, is not subjected to cleavage. It does not collapse when exposed to bacterial enzymes. The drug is very effective in treating pathogenic microbes belonging to different species, and therefore it is used to treat appendicitis, which occurs in severe form and has an acute stage.
5. "Imilinem." This antibiotic is able to effectively eliminate most types of pathogenic bacteria. It is resistant to bacterial enzymes that destroy other similar drugs. Prescribe this antibiotic in cases where appendicitis becomes severe.
6. The Meronem. The effect of this drug is similar to the previous one. However, it is considered a more effective means due to the fact that when passing through the kidneys it is less exposed to destruction.
After removal of the intervertebral hernia
Recently, such operations are carried out to a smaller number of patients. This is due to the significant success of medicine in the conservative treatment of pathology. Also, the use of modern technology can significantly reduce the postoperative period. There are times when the patient is able to move on the same day. However, all the successes of medicine do not give a reason for a meaningless attitude towards rehabilitation. After all, the main task of this period is to consolidate the results of surgical intervention and prevent the development of complications.
An antibiotic after surgery (hernia) is prescribed for the prevention of purulent processes. At the same time, the doctor prescribes drugs such as Cefotetan or Cefoxitin. The duration of their intake is from 12 to 18 hours after the operation.