A femoral hernia is a tumor located in the loop of the intestine and omentum. The neoplasm goes beyond them. In the vertical position of the body, a person feels pain, there is a bag-like protrusion, and intestinal obstruction may also appear.
In order to recognize this disease, it is necessary to do an ultrasound. It will allow you to view the small pelvis, bladder. Additionally, irrigoscopy should be performed. If such a pathology appears, then hernia repair is performed. It makes it possible to completely get rid of the problem.
It should be noted that the code for ICD-101 of a femoral hernia is K41.
Disease Description
Femoral hernias are found in almost 5% of cases when such neoplasms are diagnosed. Most often they develop in women. This is due to the anatomical structure of the body. Also, a child who is not yet a year old (if the connective tissue is weak) may experience such a problem. A hernia is formed due to the fact that the organs of the abdominal cavity extend beyond the boundaries of their wall. This can lead to their being infringed.
A femoral hernia consists of a special bag, its contents and a gate. The latter is a pathological entrance, which is in the femoral triangle. The channel has a special hole: the outer and the ring, as well as the walls. The latter are formed by the femoral vein. This channel has a length of 3 cm. It is directed in an upright position. The hernial sac may have a special fiber, as well as some other elements. Usually its contents are omentum, and also the colon, bladder, ovaries (in women), testicles (in men).
Forecast and Prevention
In most cases, when performing surgery for a femoral hernia, the prognosis is as favorable as possible. However, there may be situations where relapse occurs. If treatment is avoided, then an irreversible hernia can form, as well as an infringement. Speaking of prevention, attention should be paid to strengthening the muscles of the abdominal wall. You need to get rid of a lot of physical exertion, and during pregnancy you should wear a bandage. You need to eat right and immediately treat a cough.
Etiology of the disease
Pay attention to the etiology of the appearance of femoral hernia in women and men. Factors that contribute to the occurrence of such a disease include constipation, chronic cough, scarring after surgery. It should be noted congenital weakness of the abdominal muscles, weight loss, increased intrauterine pressure, as well as trauma to the abdominal cavity.
In men, a similar disease occurs due to great physical exertion, if they lift a huge weight. At the same time, the symptoms of a femoral hernia manifest completely differently in each person and not necessarily right away. At the initial stages, the patient may experience tingling and pain, which will indicate the development of a pathological process.
In women, as a rule, this disease appears after a difficult birth. Most often, the anatomical structure of the body plays an important role. The reason can be even ordinary constipation. In order to accurately determine the triggering factors, it is necessary to consult a doctor, as well as conduct diagnostic measures.
Disease classification
It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that there are several types of femoral hernia. There is a disease of a unilateral and bilateral nature, if we talk about localization. According to morphological characteristics, a hernia is irreducible, correctable, as well as restrained. You can pay attention to the stage of development of this disease. The initial one has no symptoms, it is impossible to notice it outwardly.
Channel Stage Description
The channel stage indicates that a person has mild clinical manifestations: pain, tingling, and so on. In this case, a hernia may appear externally in the form of a tubercle. Usually it disappears at rest. The full stage of the development of femoral hernia in women and men is manifested by severe symptoms, as well as neoplasm, which is very noticeable. At the same time, during exercise or coughing, it can become larger.
It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that no matter what stage a person develops, treatment is carried out only with the help of surgery. She is the most effective.
Symptomatology
If we talk about the symptoms of a femoral hernia in men and women, it should be noted that they are the same. At the initial stage, any manifestations are practically absent. When the neoplasm reaches a large size, discomfort occurs, pain and pulling sensations appear. In the area of the femoral triangle, a tubercle may appear, which will increase as you engage in sports, the stomach will swell. If the formation begins to squeeze the veins, then swelling and numbness may occur.
In addition, various specific signs can be added to the symptoms, which depend on how much the internal organs are affected. If this hernia affects the bladder, then the person has a constant desire to go to the toilet, incontinence, lack of secretions during the day, pain in the groin. Urine becomes cloudy. In women, third-party secretions may appear, and often the body temperature rises.
Symptoms of Complications
If complications of a femoral hernia arise, that is, it becomes more frequent, various symptoms may develop. One of these should be noted intestinal obstruction. In this case, the clinical manifestations will be associated with abdominal pain, increased motility, nausea that does not subside even after vomiting, and stool retention. Most often, discomfort is localized near the navel. A person may increase perspiration.
If at least some of the above manifestations appear, then you need to seek help from a medical institution, you should not be treated on your own. It must be understood that if a person has a hernia in a rapid form, then necrosis of organs can occur. This will affect not only the life of the patient, but also can lead to death.
Diagnosis of the disease
Before treating a femoral hernia, it is necessary to perform a diagnosis to make sure the diagnosis is correct. First of all, you should do a physical examination, and then perform an instrumental examination.
During the first dose, the doctor should palpate to detect a neoplasm, as well as examine the patient in a vertical and horizontal position. For the correct diagnosis, it is necessary to do an ultrasound of the bladder, pelvis, irrigoscopy, as well as an ultrasound scan of the abdominal cavity.
Diagnosis for severe symptoms
If we are talking about more serious manifestations, then measures should be taken that will eliminate the inguinal hernia , abscess, aneurysm, the malignant nature of the tumor, and so on. Based on the results of the diagnosis, you can find out the nature of the formation and, accordingly, choose the right treatment.
Therapy
As mentioned above, during the treatment, an operation is performed to remove the hernia. Drug therapy in this case does not exist. Surgery is called hernioplasty. It can be carried out by two methods. The first is the inguinal and femoral, they are performed in approximately the same way, and the second is plastic and simple. The latter is done by the method of closing the femoral gate. The tactics necessary for treatment are selected only individually.
The operation to remove the hernia must be done in several stages. First, the neoplasm should be opened and the contents examined. Next, you need to excise the omentum, which was struck, to put the hernial sac back. After this, you need to remove the neoplasm. Next, plastic manipulations are performed. They bring a person back to normal.
If we are talking about the appearance of necrosis, then you need to remove all affected tissues. It should be noted that hernioplasty can be done both with biological material, which is taken directly from the patient, and with the help of special nets.
In the process of rehabilitation after surgery for a hernia in the groin, the patient needs to be at rest for three days, to avoid physical exertion. If there are no complications, then the stitches will be removed after about 2 weeks. After this, the patient can return to his usual life. However, you need to pay attention to the fact that physical activity is completely contraindicated, and the doctor will most likely prescribe classes with special physical education.
Alternative treatment
Alternative treatment well helps with the fight against a hernia in the groin. A sore spot should be washed with water and vinegar. If there is an unpleasant sensation, then it is necessary to put ice. With nausea, it is better to consume cold in small pieces.
Cornflower helps a lot. You need to take 3 teaspoons of this herb, add half a liter of water and drink two cups per day. You can use oak bark. It should be applied as a compress. You need to keep 30 minutes.
A decoction of clover is a good folk remedy. It is necessary to take a tincture, which is based on herbs, drink 3 times a day, either on an empty stomach or before meals. Use should be no more than 1/3 cup. The broth should be prepared in this way: it is necessary to pour a tablespoon of herbs with boiling water. Water should be taken no more than 1 liter. Then insist 1 hour and strain. Jam from pine cones also helps, which is effective in many diseases.
Diet
You should also pay attention to the diet, which must be observed. It is mandatory to use liquid and semi-liquid dishes. Broths, juices, compotes, decoctions from herbs and so on are well suited. After a certain number of days, about a week, you need to start eating meat, fish and cereals. Further, the body should be transferred to good nutrition, using fruits and soups.
In this case, the patient should eat properly in order to return all the organs of the gastrointestinal tract to normal functioning. Therefore, rice, soda, tea and coffee, citrus fruits, alcohol and so on are completely excluded. In the diet you need to add eggs, viscous cereals, dairy products and more. You need to eat a large amount of food that contains protein, and drink 2 liters of water per day. The diet should be followed without fail, as it will maximally protect a person from complications from the gastrointestinal tract.