Skin diseases are unpleasant, and sometimes even frightening. They deliver a lot of physical and psychological discomfort. Almost every person has certain skin problems. However, the untimely elimination of some of them can lead to serious complications. Intradermal nevus is one of these problems.
general description
This pathology is often a benign neoplasm on the skin, which mainly rises above its surface. In some cases, it can acquire a tuberous shape, and sometimes it remains a small spot that differs in color.
The intradermal nevus has a painless surface and a soft structure. The color of the neoplasm is different: pink, red, brown and even black.
The intradermal nevus can be located on the neck, scalp, face. Very rarely, education is found on the body or limbs. It must be borne in mind that if the tumor is benign, then it practically does not cause pain. In a malignant form, melanoma, it degenerates in only 20% of cases.
If there is some discomfort in the area of skin lesion, or the intradermal nevus has started to grow rapidly, then you should immediately consult a doctor.
Reasons for the appearance
Until now, they have not been clarified for sure. But in any case, this pathology is a consequence of the abnormal functionality of the skin. There are factors that can trigger the development of the disease:
- Allergic skin pathologies.
- Intrauterine disorders of the fetus.
- Heredity.
- Hormonal disorders, for example, restructuring of the body during pregnancy or menopause in women.
- Dermatological infectious pathologies.
Intradermal papillomatous nevus can also develop due to severe toxic poisoning of the body, while the substance due to which it appeared does not matter.
Varieties of pathology
There are a lot of them:
- Halonevus.
- Blue. It has a relatively small size and a special blue color.
- Borderline. This formation is characterized by the fact that it rises above the surface of the skin only partially.
- Intradermal papillomatous nevus. Its size can exceed 1.5 cm, and over time, it is able to grow even more. Most often, it is a brown tubercle, similar to a wart. In the neoplasm, hard black hairs can be seen. With careful handling of this neoplasm, it rarely degenerates into malignant.
- Non-cellular. It occurs more often on the face than causes serious physical discomfort. Its shape is usually convex. Due to its location, the neoplasm must be removed.
- Intradermal melanocytic nevus. It has a saturated color, the correct clear form. You can find it on the chest and even on the genitals. The size of the neoplasm rarely exceeds 0.5 cm. It can be on the same level with the skin or rise slightly above it.
Some of these formations can degenerate into melanoma. However, with careful treatment and timely treatment, intradermal nevus of the skin is not dangerous.
Diagnostic Features
The presented pathology should be detected in a timely manner. Diagnosis involves the implementation of a set of measures that will help to determine the type and degree of complexity of the disease, as well as the susceptibility of the neoplasm to degeneration. So, the doctor should perform such actions:
- External examination of the affected area and determination of its morphological features: location, size, shape, color.
- Dermatoscopy of the tumor, which will make it possible to distinguish it from other diseases.
- Siascopy. This is a new method of digital diagnosis, which allows you to more accurately determine the features of the development of pathology.
- Ultrasound of the skin.
- A biopsy of the neoplasm element to confirm or refute the oncological prognosis.
How does the disease develop?
An intradermal papillomatous nevus may appear from birth, although it is very difficult to immediately notice it. Education develops in several stages:
- The neoplasm is still under the epithelium, so it often goes unnoticed.
- Gradual movement of nevus cells in the upper layers of the dermis.
- The acquisition of a convex form. With the growth of the child, the intradermal melanocytic nevus of the skin increases in size.
- Growth arrest and discoloration of nevus cells. At this stage, the inflammatory process and the degeneration of the neoplasm can begin.
What symptoms should I see a doctor with?
In principle, if you have an intradermal melanocytic nevus, then you should consult a doctor, even if he does not bother you. However, there are direct indications for contacting a specialist:
- The tumor is located in those places where it can be constantly injured: on the scalp, soles of the legs, genitals.
- Education begins to bleed, there is a feeling of itching and burning.
- The tumor has an unnatural shade, large size or is growing rapidly.
- The patient feels pain in the affected area.
- The patient has close relatives who have had melanoma.
Pathology treatment
It must be said that papillomatous intradermal melanocytic nevus is not amenable to drug therapy. In most cases, it must be deleted. There are several ways to do this:
- Freezing with liquid nitrogen. This procedure can be used if the nevus is located in areas hidden under clothing. After the operation, very noticeable traces remain. This operation can cause severe burns. It completely destroys the neoplasm, so there is simply no more material left for further analysis.
- Surgical intervention using a scalpel. This procedure allows you to get rid of even a very large nevus. However, such an operation is traumatic, it requires a long recovery period, and noticeable scars remain after it. But as a result, the material can be examined for the presence of malignant cells.
- Electric moxibustion. This is a practically painless method of removal, but it is impossible to obtain a nevus for research, since it is completely destroyed.
- Laser treatment. It is quite effective, can be applied on any part of the body. The wound after surgery quickly heals, and the risk of infection in it is very small. But in this case, there is no material left for further research.
- The radio knife. This is the most progressive disease control technique. It contains the advantages of all previous methods, and only the high cost of the procedure can be distinguished from the disadvantages.
Features of laser surgery
Papillomatous intradermal melanocytic nevus should be completely removed. Otherwise, it will begin to degenerate into a malignant tumor. Laser surgery is performed under local anesthesia and lasts only 5 minutes. After it, you will leave home on the same day, and the recovery period will be reduced significantly.
For work, the specialist uses a special device capable of producing laser radiation. It gradually cuts off the thin plates of the neoplasm until it is completely removed. Depth and intensity of radiation are regulated in each individual case. It all depends on the size of education, its features.
Preventative measures
Intradermal pigmented nevus is a rather unpleasant disease that can develop into a malignant tumor. However, if some preventive measures are followed, then this outcome can be avoided. So, do not forget about these rules:
- Do not abuse visits to the solarium or stay there too long.
- In the summer, do not stay long under the influence of direct sunlight, especially between 11 and 16 hours.
- Do not visit saunas or baths too often.
- You should be especially careful with the sun to those people who have fair skin, since it is more prone to the appearance of moles and melanomas.
- Do not injure the neoplasm.
If you find a mole that has dramatically changed color, shape or size, consult a doctor immediately. Be healthy!