Damage to the front of the shoulder lip is called Bankart damage. The lip of the shoulder performs a shock-absorbing function, while simultaneously fixing the bone in the shoulder cavity. In cases where the lip comes off or breaks, the stability of the bone entry decreases. This occurs against the background of dislocation and inevitably leads to a violation of the stability of the shoulder joint as a whole.
Reasons for the appearance
There are two main causes of damage to Bankart shoulder joint:
- acute injuries;
- prolonged physical activity.
At risk are athletes involved in nuclear throwing or athletics. Golf enthusiasts are prone to dislocations in the shoulder joints. Naturally, the risks are reduced if the training takes place under the watchful eye of experienced trainers.
Dislocation and rupture can occur when falling on the arm or a strong blow to the shoulder. Strong rotational movements of the hands and a sharp lifting of weights - this can also cause damage to Bankart.
Oddly enough, but a sedentary lifestyle can also cause damage to the shoulder joint. Some diseases lead to the fact that the shoulder lip weakens and Bankart is damaged (this may be arthrosis, tendonitis or osteoporosis).
Pathology classification
Bankart damage to the shoulder joint is divided into three types:
- Classic type. In this case, there is a complete separation of the articular lip from the cavity of the scapula. Usually, a characteristic click is heard during a break and pain and discomfort immediately appear.
- The second type is characterized by the absence of joint rupture. If this type of pathology is not treated, then the disease will worsen and lead to more serious consequences.
- Extreme type. In this case, in addition to the gap, there is also a bone fracture. In this case, serious medical treatment is required.
Symptomatology
Bankart damage to the shoulder joint is a shoulder injury with severe pain. The pain may be aching or intense. It all depends on the degree of damage and the severity of the gap. Rupture of the articular lip may be partial or complete.
The main symptoms include:
- pain during arm movement;
- a limb, as a rule, weakly functions;
- when the hand is bent, characteristic clicks appear;
- the hand loses almost completely disability.
Therapeutic measures
Treatment of damage to Bankart, if injuries to the joint and lips are minor, can be carried out conservatively. In parallel with this, physiotherapy and fixation of the shoulder joint are used. Although it should be remembered that conservative treatment provides a positive prognosis for a full recovery in only 50% of cases. There is a high probability that in the future there will be instability of the shoulder joint.
Surgical intervention
Surgery may be open or by arthroscopic surgery.
Recovery after arthroscopic surgery is much faster, muscle strength is better restored. However, the risk of relapse after such an operation is very high, when compared with open surgery.
Rehabilitation
The result of the treatment of damage to Bankart is more dependent on rehabilitation measures, even more than on the type of treatment. The main role in this is played by the choice of tactics of rehabilitation procedures. There are no special exercises for treatment, the rehabilitation program depends on many factors, in particular - the degree of pathology, neglect and methods of treating the disease. Although the programs that are used after surgery and conservative therapy are very similar.
The first stage of rehabilitation involves immobilization with an orthosis. The patient will have to reduce the range of motion of the injured shoulder by about 1-4 weeks. Fixing the shoulder avoids shoulder dislocation. If pain is absent, then passive movements are allowed from the fourteenth day of immobilization. Then the patient is prescribed isometric exercises.
The second stage involves an increase in the number of passive movements, active exercises gradually turn on. Then the program includes exercises aimed at strengthening the rotating cuff of the shoulder.
At the third stage, rehabilitation measures are aimed at restoring all movements in the shoulder joint. Dynamic exercises are used that increase the shoulder resistance.
The patient must understand that rehabilitation after damage to the joint lip is a lengthy procedure, but following all the recommendations of a physiotherapist will gradually relieve all pain and restore full mobility of the arm. In some cases, rehabilitation therapy lasts about twelve months. Weight lifting after rehabilitation is only possible after three months.