At what dosage is 5 percent glucose prescribed? Instructions for this tool are described below. Also below are its properties, indications and methods of use.
Form, packaging
Glucose 5 percent, the instruction of which is described below, contains dextrose monohydrate. This is an infusion preparation, produced in glass containers, plastic containers, as well as in plastic bags packed in a pack of paper.
Drug properties
How does 5 percent glucose work? The instruction claims that this tool takes part in the metabolism in the body, and also enhances the recovery and oxidation processes, improves the antitoxic function of the liver and increases the contractile activity of the heart.
One cannot fail to say that the infusion of such a solution partially compensates for the H2O deficiency. Entering the tissues of the body, dextrose is phosphorylated and converted to glucose-six-phosphate, which is included in the main metabolic links of the human body.
Drug features
What is remarkable 5% glucose? The manual states that such a solution has a metabolic and detoxifying effect, and also represents the most important source of easily digestible and valuable nutrient.
In the process of dextrose metabolism, a huge amount of energy is produced in the tissues, which is essential for the normal functioning of the body.
The solution in question is isotonic. Its energy value is 200 kcal / l, and the approximate osmolarity is 278 mOsm / l.
Kinetics
How does the absorption of a solution such as glucose 5 percent? The instruction (for newborns, this remedy is prescribed only according to indications) states that the dextrose metabolism is carried out through lactate and pyruvate to carbon dioxide water with the subsequent release of energy.
This solution is absorbed completely, it is not excreted by the kidneys (observation in urine is a pathology).
Additional pharmacokinetic properties of this drug are determined by the agents added to it.
Indications for the introduction of the solution
For what purpose can 5% glucose be prescribed to patients? Instruction (children and adults are recommended to use this drug for the same reasons) reports that this tool is used in the following cases:
- with extracellular isotonic dehydration;
- as a source of carbohydrates;
- for the purpose of diluting and transporting parenteral drugs (i.e., as a base solution).
Prohibitions on the introduction
In what cases is 5 percent glucose not prescribed to patients? The instruction (for cats, this tool should be recommended only by an experienced veterinarian) talks about contraindications such as:
- coma hyperosmolar ;
- decompensated diabetes mellitus;
- hyperglycemia;
- reduced glucose tolerance (including metabolic stress);
- hyperlactacidemia.
With caution, glucose is prescribed for heart failure of a decompensated chronic type, hyponatremia, chronic renal failure (with oliguria and anuria).
Glucose 5 percent: instruction
For dogs and other domestic animals, this drug is prescribed individually, strictly according to indications. The same goes for people.
An isotonic dextrose solution should be injected into a vein at a maximum speed of up to 150 drops per minute. The recommended dosage for adult patients is 500-3000 ml per day.
For newborns and infants weighing up to 10 kg, this medication is prescribed at 100 ml / kg per day. Exceeding the indicated dosages is not recommended.
For people with diabetes, dextrose should be administered only under the control of its content in urine and blood.
The recommended dosage when using the drug for the purpose of diluting and transporting parenteral drugs is 50-250 ml per 1 dose of the drug.
Side effects
With the correct use of the drug in question, undesirable reactions are unlikely. In some cases, a glucose solution causes the development of hyperglycemia, fever, hypervolemia, acute left ventricular failure, and polyuria.
Local reactions in the form of thrombophlebitis, the development of infection, bruising and local pain can also occur.
Special information
In veterinary practice, the use of isotonic glucose solution is very in demand. Such a drug is actively used to replenish the body of animals with liquid and nutrients.
As a rule, this remedy is prescribed to cats, dogs, sheep and other animals with significant fluid loss, intoxication, shock, poisoning, liver disease, hypotension, gastrointestinal diseases, atony, acetonemia, gangrene, cardiac decompensation, hemoglobinuria and other conditions .
Exhausted and weak animals, the solution in question is prescribed as an energy preparation.
Dosage of the drug and method of administration
For pets, a 5% glucose solution is administered intravenously or subcutaneously. The following dosages are adhered to:
- cats - 7-50 ml;
- horses - 0.7-2.45 liters;
- dogs - 0.04-0.55 l;
- small cattle - 0.08-0.65 l;
- pigs - 0.3-0.65 l;
- cattle - 0.5-3 liters.
With subcutaneous administration, the indicated dose is divided into several injections, which are done in different places.