This article will consider the risk of MTR 4 degrees. What is it, it will become clear.
Degrees of hypertension
MTRs are considered as complications of the cardiovascular system. Hypertension also refers to them. Hypertensive crisis (blood pressure rises sharply) in patients can develop, regardless of the stage of hypertension. Often a hypertensive crisis is accompanied by flies in the eyes, nausea, throbbing severe headaches, severe dizziness. If a hypertensive crisis occurs, an ambulance should be called immediately. There are several degrees of severity of this disease. Let's consider them in more detail.
1 degree (easy)
The first stage is characterized by constant pressure surges, it rises first, and then returns to normal on its own. The first stage of hypertension most often occurs as a result of severe unrest, with nerve stress caused by the stress hormone. With grade 1 hypertension, pressure often rises to 140–159 / 90–99 mmHg.
There is a risk of MTR 4 degrees. What this will be discussed below.
2 degree (moderate)
Hypertension of the 2nd degree is characterized by an increase in pressure to 160–179 / 100–109 mm Hg. Art. This stage of the disease is characterized by the fact that blood pressure is much less likely to return to normal on its own. Moreover, periods of normal pressure readings do not last very long. This stage of hypertension usually begins with headaches. Including the occurrence of compressive or stitching pains in the heart, which give to the left hand.
3 degree (heavy)
With 3 stages of hypertension, there is a pressure of 180 per 110 mm Hg. Art. and higher. It is characterized by steadily elevated pressure and with a decrease in indicators, a person feels weakness. As a rule, this stage is characterized by impaired functioning of the heart, brain or kidneys. It may also cause memory impairment, chest pain, poor concentration of attention, and other symptoms.
This is what hypertension is. Symptoms and treatment will be considered at the end of the article.
Hypertension: risks
Who can develop diseases of the cardiovascular system? The following factors increase the risk of developing hypertension: a genetic predisposition, chronic fatigue, a sedentary lifestyle. Treatment of the cardiovascular system is 3 times more often required for sedentary people than active people. What are the risks of developing hypertension?
- Stress. In most cases, hypertension causes an increase in the level of the stress hormone - adrenaline. This hormone in the process of exposure to the body narrows the lumen of the blood vessels. The result is an increase in the load on the heart, as the heart muscle ejects more blood and increases pressure on the walls of the vessels.
- Smoking. Doctors often treat arterial hypertension of smokers. In patients with hypertension who cannot quit smoking, stroke and myocardial infarction are 50-70% more common.
- Diabetes. MOP risk levels are of interest to many. With insufficient secretion of the hormone insulin, there is a metabolic disorder in the body. This ultimately can cause deposition of a fat-like substance, cholesterol, on the artery wall, leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and atherosclerosis.
- Obesity. The risk of MTR 4 degrees (what it is, we consider below) occurs most often due to excess weight. Fat can be deposited inside the vessels and on the surface of organs. These accumulations narrow the artery, resulting in impaired blood flow in it. As a result, an increased load is placed on the cardiovascular system, the walls of the vessels bulge out, thin out and may burst, which can lead to a stroke or heart attack.
- Taking pills. This includes the use of drugs that reduce appetite, oral contraceptives, highly hormonal, anti-inflammatory drugs and some other drugs. More often, hypertension develops in older women, smokers and overweight, taking oral contraceptives. If symptoms of cardiovascular disease are manifested, consult a cardiologist or gynecologist about the need to discontinue hormones.
- Excessive salt intake. The water balance in the body is regulated by sodium. When consuming large amounts of salty foods or salt, excess sodium and excess fluid are retained in the body, increase pressure and create swelling. In large doses, salt can lead to increased pressure. Then the diagnosis of hypertension is made.
- High cholesterol. High blood cholesterol causes deposits on the walls of blood vessels of atherosclerotic plaques. Over time, the artery lumen becomes narrower, and the number of plaques grows, resulting in the development of atherosclerosis. Under the influence of this disease, vessels of the large and small circles of blood circulation are affected.
- Climax Sexual hormones have a significant effect with age. This is called menopausal hypertension. During postmenopause, women can be prescribed hormone replacement therapy if there was no hypertension when taking COCs. However, this does not eliminate the need to monitor blood pressure.
- Age. People with age have a risk of grade 4 MTR. What is it, we will tell further. Older people from 50 years old need blood pressure therapy much more often than young people, which is associated with the deterioration of their cardiovascular system and its frequent exposure to atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases.
- Disturbed work of the endocrine and nervous systems. In the regulation of blood pressure, hormones play one of the most important roles. Hormones of the pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands have the greatest impact. A hormone test should be done if the blood test showed normal cholesterol. Hypertension can be caused by hormones, if relatives had no CVS diseases. When approving the diagnosis of hypertension, the specialist will also indicate the next 10 years of the 10th degree of risk of stroke or heart attack. Four degrees of risk are distinguished, depending on the stage of hypertension and the possibility of its development.
Low (1st) degree of risk
Complications in patients with group 1 risk of hypertension occur in less than 15% of cases. This group includes patients without the above risk factors.
Medium (2nd) degree of risk
The 2nd level of risk indicates degree 2 hypertension, and complications in these patients occur in 15-20% of cases. If there is one or two indicators described above, patients of the first stage are also referred to the 2nd risk group.
High (3rd) degree of risk
Is disability associated with hypertension? Let's figure it out.
This group includes patients with a severe stage of the disease. Even if risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity and others, are absent in patients with grade 3 hypertension, then they fall into the 3rd risk group. This indicates that a stroke or heart attack can occur with a probability of 20-30%. Grade 3 hypertension may occur in patients with the first or second stages of the development of the disease in the presence of a large number of the above risk factors. Often, the presence of hypertension with a risk of level 3 can mean the development of a patient's renal or heart failure.
Very high (4th) degree of risk
The likelihood of a heart attack or stroke over the next 10 years is over 30% in patients with grade 4 hypertension. The 4th level of risk for grade 3 hypertension is in patients with diabetes mellitus, smokers or with other factors from the list above. The larger the number of indicators, the more likely a stroke or heart attack. Disability with severe hypertension can be framed.
Clinical Associated Conditions
- Damage to the vessels of the ocular fundus (swelling of the optic nerve, hemorrhage).
- Disorders of the heart (shortness of breath, chest pain).
- Vascular diseases (protrusion of the walls of blood vessels, stratification of the aorta).
- Diseases of the brain (memory impairment, dizziness, headaches, circulatory disorders).
- Malfunctions of the kidneys (swelling of the extremities, small formation of urine).
Hypertension is very dangerous. Symptoms and treatment are often interconnected.
Hypertension treatment
What are the basic principles of therapy? A prescription is prescribed on an ongoing basis for drugs that reduce blood pressure. Also, medicines with prolonged action, which are enough to drink once a day.
The treatment of cardiovascular diseases is successful in the following cases:
- When adjusting nutrition. If any stage of hypertension occurs, the patient must follow a diet. It is necessary to reduce the consumption of sweet, flour and fatty foods, since according to statistics, most often the cardiovascular system suffers in overweight people. To maintain vascular health, salt intake should also be limited. Spices and herbs can be added to dishes to make them less fresh. Nutrition for hypertension (high blood pressure) should be carefully thought out.
- Refusal of cigarettes. Blood cells and red blood cells move quite freely along a healthy vessel, since it is quite wide. In smokers, the lumen of the vein or artery narrows, which leads to the clumping of red blood cells, resulting in the formation of lumps that settle on the walls of arteries or veins and interfere with blood circulation. Over time, the artery and blood vessels become clogged, which will lead to death. With circulatory disorders in the coronary arteries that feed the heart vessels, heart failure develops. Statistics say that with smoking cessation, treatment with arterial hypertension medications is much more effective.
- Reduced unrest. Cardiovascular complications also develop due to stress. It was already mentioned above that the release of adrenaline, that is, the influence of hormones, is a fairly common cause of vasospasm. For the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system, it is necessary not to be nervous about the little things. In leadership positions, the risk of hypertension is much higher, because there is more stress, which is a scientifically based fact.
- Exercise. If the work is sedentary, then during treatment it is necessary to gradually increase physical activity. The heart muscle helps to train constant physical education. In unprepared people, shortness of breath appears and the heart rate quickens at the slightest exertion, resulting in increased blood pressure. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of hypertension, 10-15 minutes should be given daily to physical exercises.
- Potassium level. The trace element potassium contributes to the normal functioning of the heart, or rather regulates the contractions of the heart muscle. Including it is involved in the formation of electrical impulses in maintaining heart rate. The normal rhythm of a healthy adult is 60-75 beats / min. If the body does not have enough potassium, arrhythmia occurs, heart rhythm contractions. It is necessary to increase the use of dried fruits: apricot, peach dried apricots, dried cherries, prunes, raisins for heart health and increase the effectiveness of treatment for CVS.
- The use of vitamins C and E. C is a vitamin for strengthening the walls of arteries and other blood vessels, and E helps to increase their elasticity. To treat the vascular system and maintain vascular health, you need to eat raw fruits and vegetables. Antioxidants also help preserve short heat treatment. Nutrition for hypertension (high blood pressure) plays an important role.
Hypertensive crisis: first aid
If a person has symptoms of hypertensive crisis, it is necessary:
- Calm down and interrupt physical activity. Lie down or sit down with your head up, measure blood pressure.
- At high pressure or, if this is the first time a hypertensive crisis has occurred, you should immediately call an ambulance.
- Measure blood pressure every 20-30 minutes, making entries in the diary.
- If this hypertensive crisis is repeated and you already know drugs that help, you should try to lower your blood pressure yourself by taking the medications recommended by your doctor in case your blood pressure rises sharply.
What else is first aid for hypertensive crisis?
- You can use drugs from a home medicine cabinet that quickly act: "Clonidine" 0.075 mg, "Nifedepine" 10 mg, "Captopril" 25 mg.
- It is better if the pressure decreases gradually and normalizes in 2-6 hours, which depends on the initial level. After an hour, if the pressure remains high, more than 180/100 mmHg, you need to drink the medicine again.
- When angina pectoris (chest pains) appears, nitroglycerin is taken under the tongue (tablet or spray). If necessary, the reception is repeated several times until the pain stops. Angina pectoris lasting more than half an hour after taking nitroglycerin may be a sign of myocardial infarction.
First aid for hypertensive crisis should be provided immediately.
- If there is a feeling of fear or nervous excitement before the crisis or against its background, it is necessary to take a sedative ("Valocordin", "Tincture of Valerian" or "Corvalol").
- Obsolete or ineffective means, such as Dibazol, No-shpy, Papazol, Drotaverin, Baralgin, Spazmalgon and other improvised means, do not need to be used. This will only worsen the condition and prolong the hypertensive crisis.
- In elderly patients, blood pressure cannot be sharply reduced in a short period of time. Dizziness, drowsiness, and weakness can be signs of insufficient blood supply to the brain, which can lead to a stroke.
- An ambulance should be called immediately if this is the first occurrence of a hypertensive crisis; symptoms of chest pain, dizziness, severe shortness of breath, interruptions of the heart, weakness, impaired movement of the extremities appeared; hypertensive crisis dragged on after taking medication.
When you managed to cope with the help of emergency doctors or on your own with a hypertensive crisis, you should definitely contact a cardiologist or therapist.
After all, hypertension is very dangerous. Risk 4 - in particular.