Eye diseases in humans have recently become very widespread. In order to have a complete understanding of how a particular disease is proceeding, as well as about the features of treatment, it is worth examining the available symptoms in more detail.
All eye diseases are divided into several categories. Pathological changes may affect the organs of vision themselves, adnexal structures, soft and bone elements. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor in time to determine the appropriate disease and conduct complex treatment.
Acquired pathology
If there are symptoms of impaired functioning of the organs of vision, you must definitely know the names of eye diseases in people, as well as the features of their course. Such disorders can develop against the background of general infectious processes. The optical apparatus of the eye is often damaged. When this occurs:
- myopia;
- astigmatism;
- presbyopsy.
Inflammatory diseases such as barley, keratitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis can also occur. Traumatic injuries of the eye, in particular, burns, mechanical damage, can be extremely dangerous.
Clinically, diseases develop in completely different ways. In some cases, there may be acute manifestations and rapid progression of the disease, and sometimes the symptoms are practically not detected and the disease has a slow course.
Infectious diseases of the eyes in humans include the following:
- purulent infections;
- inflammation of the optic nerve;
- conjunctivitis;
- scleritis;
- phlegmon.
To make the correct diagnosis, you must consult a qualified ophthalmologist who will prescribe the required treatment. Methods of therapy are selected purely individually, depending on the complexity of the lesion and the particular course of the disease.
Diseases of the orbits and eyelids
The eyelids perform a protective function, protecting the eyes from the harmful effects of external stimuli. Very often there can be diseases of the eyelids and eyes in humans, developing under the influence of various pathogens. These pathological manifestations include:
- blepharitis;
- barley;
- demodicosis.
Blepharitis is a common eye disease, which is inflammation on the edge of the eyelids. The treatment for this disease is quite complicated. There may be several types of this inflammatory process. Among the main signs, puffiness and redness of the eyelids, a feeling of heaviness, itching and burning, peeling of the edges can be distinguished. In the morning, small wounds can be observed in the corners of the eyes, and in the evening there may be a release of painful contents, there may be a fear of light, fatigue, dry eyes, and lacrimation.
Barley - inflammation with suppuration of the eyelash hair sac. The cause of the disease is the presence of a bacterial infection, mainly Staphylococcus aureus. Among the main signs, swelling, redness, itching, painful sensations can be distinguished. In some cases, there may be lacrimation, fever, headache.
Demodecosis provokes a tick that penetrates deep beneath the skin, resulting in unpleasant symptoms. Of great importance is the lacrimal apparatus, since normal optical function is simply impossible without the development and excretion of tear fluid. A characteristic sign of the violation is constant lacrimation.
The eyes are located in the recesses of the skull called eye sockets. With damage to the nerve endings, blood vessels or adipose tissue, various eye diseases in humans can occur, in particular, such as:
- exophthalmos;
- phlegmon;
- tenonitis;
- abscess.
Problems can occur at any age. This is facilitated by disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, the presence of chronic diseases, as well as various kinds of damage. The symptoms characteristic of each individual type of pathology will help to determine eye diseases in humans.
Conjunctival disease
Conjunctivitis is characterized by the fact that inflammation occurs on the colorless shell of the eyes and eyelids. Among the main types of disease can be distinguished such as:
- fungal;
- bacterial;
- allergenic
- chlamydial;
- viral.
Some varieties of pathology are quite contagious and spread very quickly. Despite the fact that an infectious lesion does not pose a serious threat to the eyes, however, it spreads very quickly and can have dangerous complications. Among the main symptoms, it is possible to distinguish burning and itching of the eyes, the presence of mucus or pus, as well as profuse tearing. The disease can occur in acute form or be chronic.
Lens diseases
Eye diseases in humans may be associated with abnormal lens development. Among the main types of lesions, the following can be distinguished:
- cataract;
- bifakia;
- aphakia.
Aphakia - the absence of the lens as a result of cataract removal or the presence of a severe wound. In addition, there may be congenital pathologies associated with other malformations of the eye.
Cataract - a disease caused by clouding of the lens of the eye. It occurs on one eye or on both. In addition, there may be a clouding of part of the lens or completely. Such a formation acts as a barrier to the penetration of light flux into the eye. Cataracts occur at a young age and are associated with various diseases or injuries.
Such eye diseases in humans are characterized by the fact that objects are doubled, the image becomes blurry and does not stabilize even when using optical correction means. During the examination, you can determine the presence of turbidity.
Pathology of the cornea, sclera
The outer shell of the eyeball is most susceptible to aggressive effects. It is for this reason that very often various eye diseases occur in humans. The list of diseases is quite extensive and includes:
- keratitis;
- keratoconus;
- episcleritis.
Keratitis is an inflammatory process that affects the cornea. It can be provoked by a variety of reasons, however, in all cases, the cornea begins to gradually become cloudy, and vision decreases rapidly. In this case, there are many unpleasant symptoms, including quite severe pain. At the initial stages, the treatment is strictly conservative, and if ulcers have formed on the cornea, keratoplasty is indicated.
Episcleritis is an inflammation of the tissue located between the conjunctiva and sclera. Often, the pathology proceeds without visible complications, without provoking obvious violations, and can go even without treatment. In some cases, symptomatic therapy may be required.
Non-inflammatory eye diseases are dystrophies. Pathology develops immediately in both eyes and is hereditary. Dystrophy is manifested in the form of a change in the thickness of the cornea and its size. At the same time, vision deteriorates very much. Diseases of the cornea of a person can be very acute, therefore, even the slightest symptom occurs, a comprehensive diagnosis and subsequent adequate treatment are required.
Retinal Disease
There are some pathologies that adversely affect the organs of vision and can lead to blindness. To know what dangerous violations can be, you need to study the list of eye diseases in humans, a photo of which helps to determine the peculiarity of the course of each disease. Among such violations, it is necessary to highlight such as:
- retinopathy
- uveitis;
- retinal macular degeneration;
- retinal angiopathy.
Retinopathy - damage to the retina as a result of oxygen starvation, lack of nutrients and metabolic disorders. Retinal angiopathy is a violation of the functioning of blood vessels as a result of damage to nerve fibers.
Glaucoma is a chronic disease resulting from increased intracranial pressure. It occurs as a result of damage to the optic nerve, which leads to a drop in vision or complete blindness. This is an irreversible process, therefore, timely therapy is important. When an acute attack occurs, complete loss of vision is possible. Among the main features can be identified:
- visual impairment;
- painful sensations;
- fogging
- fluctuations in visual acuity;
- decreased vision at night.
At the very beginning of the onset of the disease, characteristic signs may be absent, so treatment often begins at later stages.
Muscle diseases of the eyes
It is very important to know what kind of eye diseases people have and how they are characterized. Pathologies associated with optic atrophy are considered very dangerous. These include inflammatory processes, optical atrophy, as well as papilloedema.
Myopia is a violation of visual function due to the elongated shape of the eyeball. In addition, problems may arise due to excessive corneal optical power. The disease itself is not at all dangerous, but serious consequences can occur, since it is characterized by a gradual deterioration of vision up to its complete loss.
Hyperopia is an eye disease in which a person is not able to clearly perceive objects that are at a distance of several centimeters. The lesion can have various degrees, depending on which vision is restored completely or additional correction methods are prescribed. It is very important to consult a doctor in a timely manner, as in some cases highly qualified surgical intervention is required.
Strabismus - a violation of visual function, in which a person has each eye looking in different directions. This disorder develops mainly in children 2-3 years old and often this occurs against the background of other eye diseases. Treatment should be carried out in a timely manner, since this deviation gradually leads to a decrease in visual acuity.
Vitreous and eyeball diseases
To determine what exactly can be violations of the eyeball and vitreous body, you need to study the list of diseases. Eye diseases in humans are secondary and often occur against the background of trauma, vascular dystrophy, inflammation, as well as due to the penetration of microbes and foreign objects. Among the most common problems, it is necessary to highlight:
- vitreous detachment ;
- neuritis;
- hemorrhage;
- ischemia.
Pathologies of the vitreous body almost always develop when various changes occur against the background of changes in adjacent tissues. By themselves, destructive processes occur very rarely, this can happen due to damage to blood vessels or nerve cells.
Rare pathologies
The names of eye diseases in humans are very different, so you need to study the feature of the existing pathologies so that you can make a correct diagnosis in a timely manner. There are quite rare pathologies. These include:
- electrophthalmia;
- pterygium;
- heterochromia.
Electrophthalmia - damage to the eyes with ultraviolet light. To prevent the development of this violation, you need to use protective equipment at sea, with lightning, eclipses, outbreaks in the sun. Pathology can also be provoked by artificial light sources.
Pterygium is a degenerative disorder, manifested by the growth of the conjunctiva. This defect is eliminated only by surgery. A disease when a person has different eyes is called heterochromia. It is characterized by abnormal pigmentation of the membrane located behind the cornea. In this case, a person's eyes vary in color due to the different content of pigments in the organs of vision.
A disease of different colors of the eyes of a person is hereditary and passes from generation to generation, but it can also appear a little later. Cases of acquired violations can sometimes occur. By the degree of staining, such types are distinguished as:
A disease when the eyes of a different color in a person is treated with medications or by surgery. The use of steroid drugs is necessarily indicated. They resort to surgery only for strict indications, in case of clouding of the lens and decreased visual acuity.
Visual computer syndrome
Many people are interested in what kind of eye diseases a person develops during a prolonged stay at a computer and what exactly they are characterized by. Among the main causes of violations can be identified the incorrect organization of the workplace, as well as the differences between a sheet of paper and a monitor screen. This pathology is characterized by such signs as:
- fogging
- drop in visual acuity;
- photophobia;
- swelling;
- difficulty focusing.
Sometimes this process can provoke very serious consequences, so you need to pay attention to the problem in a timely manner and eliminate it.
The main symptoms
It is important to remember that the symptoms of eye disease in a person always manifest in completely different ways. However, if there is blurred vision, soreness, narrowing of the horizons, as well as a sensation of the presence of a foreign body, you must definitely consult a doctor for diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
Often, the pathology has an infectious nature. At the same time, it is very important to respond to the problem as soon as possible, since when the pathological process spreads deeper into the tissues, the risk of vision loss increases sharply. This usually happens when the nerve endings or retina is involved in the pathological process. They lose any opportunity to perceive and transmit information. Often, among the main signs of ophthalmic diseases, one can distinguish:
- increased eye pressure;
- foreign body sensation in the eye;
- the presence of discharge;
- sharp loss of eyelashes;
- the appearance of a veil;
- change in the shape and size of the pupils.
In addition, there may be many other signs of a disorder. Be sure to timely pay attention to the presence of a problem, carry out diagnostics and treatment.
Diagnostics
In order to make a correct diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination, which includes:
- keratotopography;
- fluorescence angiography;
- retinography;
- optical tomography;
- laser biometrics.
Keratotopography is a scan of the surface of the cornea, which allows you to determine the degree of curvature, which allows you to identify many violations in the early stages. Laser biometry - a method for checking the lens on the main parameters. Retinotomography allows you to fully explore the retina. Using this method, you can determine the smallest and changes in the functioning of the basic structures. Tomography is used for a more complete and accurate examination. This will allow you to choose the optimal treatment.
Treatment features
Depending on which symptoms of eye disease in a person are identified, treatment is also selected accordingly. The methodology of therapy is determined solely by the attending doctor, depending on the characteristics of the pathological process. The main focus of treatment is the use of laser systems. In a similar way, it is possible to treat such diseases as:
- farsightedness;
- astigmatism;
- retinal damage;
- myopia;
- glaucoma.
Laser correction allows you to forget about lenses and glasses. Every year, surgical methods used to treat cataracts are being improved more and more. The most successful remedy is phacoemulsification, and recently, the method of femosurgery has also been increasingly used.
Often in large ophthalmologic clinics they perform very complex operations for the implantation of intraocular lenses. They are mainly carried out with a thin cornea, severe myopathies, as well as in the case of contraindications for laser therapy.
In addition, the doctor can prescribe special drops, medications, vitamin complexes, hardware treatment.
Preventive actions
In order to avoid serious diseases of the organs of vision, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the eyes, even if there are no obvious deviations from the norm. With long-term fixation of the gaze on one subject, you need to take a break, perform special exercises, and also ensure the optimal level of lighting in the evening.
In addition, the main preventive measures include:
- following the right menu and consuming vitamins;
- respite from reading and computer;
- creating a workplace with the right lighting;
- conducting eye hygiene;
- regular baths and compresses.
It is not recommended to write or read in a moving vehicle, as this creates an additional burden for the eyes. In addition, experts recommend carrying out procedures with immersion in cold water for 5 seconds. This provides a complete rest for the eyes, stimulates blood circulation, a person immediately feels a noticeable surge of vigor in the body.