Hip dysplasia is a congenital anomaly of the structural structure of the skeleton, which is characterized by underdevelopment of the components of the hip joint, accompanied by a violation of the spatial proportions of the acetabulum and femoral head. It is important to note here that this pathology prevails in girls much more often than in boys, in addition, it increases the risk of progression of this disease to the pelvic presentation of the fetus in the first birth. In order to understand the seriousness of such an anomaly as hip dysplasia, it is necessary to track the dynamics of the prevailing pathological process. First of all, let’s make it clear that the hip joint is structured by means of the ligamentous apparatus, bone-cartilage tissue, as well as a number of muscles that make up the joint. Violation of the location of at least one of these elements and provokes the progression of the above pathology.
In modern orthopedics, subluxation, subluxation and dislocation of the hip are distinguished. In the first case, a kind of symptom of “slipping” is observed, in which the dislocation elementarily sets in the cavity. Subluxation is characterized by a displacement of the femoral head up and to the side, but within the cartilaginous region of the acetabulum. In case of dislocation, the femoral head is located outside this cavity, and the cartilaginous plate is displaced inside the joint. It is important to remember that the treatment of hip dysplasia completely depends on the type of dysplasia and the age of the young patient.
Hip dysplasia has a number of characteristic symptoms, based on which vigilant parents can timely detect a suspected joint pathology in their child. This may be a clear limitation of the breeding of the lower extremities, bent at a right angle in the knees, as well as the visual asymmetry of the skin folds on the legs. In addition, one can often hear a “click” during rotation of the baby’s legs, a visual difference between the lower extremities is extremely rare, but it is also a characteristic sign of a disease such as hip dysplasia.
A productive treatment of dysplasia occurs with the timely detection of a pathological phenomenon, as well as when all the requirements of a leading orthopedist are met. Here we are talking about the use of special orthopedic appliances, as well as intensive massage therapy. There is a conservative and surgical treatment, each of which has its own "clinic".
The conservative method involves the use of pillows, stirrups, tires and panties. The main objective of this treatment is to fix the position of the baby's legs in a diluted state. The most common orthopedic devices are the Freyk pillow, Pavlik stirrups, Vilensky and Volkov tire . Wide swaddling is also prescribed as a productive prophylaxis , but such a method is appropriate until the age of three months of a small patient. Medical gymnastics, which provides for circular and abduction manipulations of the hip joints, as well as massage of the gluteal muscles and lumbar region, will not be superfluous.
Surgical treatment is more radical, since hip dysplasia requires surgery. Typical indications are the patient’s age and the prevalence of a characteristic hip dislocation (dysplastic, congenital or teratogenic). Here, an intelligent specialist selects the most suitable method, which entails a minimum of undesirable consequences in the future.
If hip dysplasia was not cured in a timely manner, the consequences can be irreversible, because if untreated, diseased joints are threatened by changes in the functions of limb support and mobility, as well as deformation of the position of the pelvis, curvature of the spine and progression of coxarthrosis and osteochondrosis.
With the right approach and timely treatment, it is possible to completely restore the natural performance of the pathological joint.