Duodenal ulcer: symptoms, treatment, diet

An ulcer is a complex disease that may not manifest itself for a sufficiently long time. An exacerbation of peptic ulcer occurs after deep mottling of the walls of the mucous membrane. Symptoms and treatment of a duodenal ulcer will be determined by a doctor who will do a full examination of the patient.

Causes

One of the main causes of the pathology is a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori. Because of it, the mucous membrane of organs is damaged. However, this microbe can be found in many people, but not everyone will be susceptible to this disease. The following factors provoke the appearance of an ulcer:

1. Stressful situations or depression. Because of this, a malfunction in the nervous system occurs, where the tone of the vagus nerve predominates. This provokes the appearance of spasm of the muscles and blood vessels of the stomach. As a result, he loses proper nutrition, as a result of which he is vulnerable to the action of hydrochloric acid: digestion of caustic gastric juice occurs in the walls.
2. Heredity.
3. Poor nutrition.
4. There is a passion for the production of hydrochloric acid.
5. Excessive alcohol consumption. It increases the negative effects of gastric juice and reduces the protective properties of the mucous membrane.
6. Due to nicotine, there is an increase in the synthesis of hydrochloric acid, which interferes with the normal digestion of food and provokes a malfunction in the development of protective factors in the gastric mucosa and in the pancreas.
   

Symptoms

Symptoms of a duodenal ulcer are as follows:

1. Severe pain in the lower abdomen, extending to the lower back and under the rib.
2. Pain that occurs 10 minutes after eating food, or “hungry pain” that occurs on an empty stomach.
3. Indigestion.
4. Bloating.
5. Intestinal colic.
6. A constant feeling of hunger.
7. Weight loss.
8. Neurological disorders associated with poor sleep as a result of tormenting cutting dull seizures.
9. Metabolic disorder: on the body and scalp may appear red scaly neoplasm, seborrhea.
10. Peritonitis - intoxication of the body due to the ingestion of particles of feces, bile into the lymph, and the separated substrates of the endocrine glands. Peritonitis is an emergency signal to call an ambulance. Its beginning is evidenced by: a sharp deterioration in well-being, acute unbearable pain, nausea, dizziness, a burning sensation in the area of ​​the gap.

If you adhere to a diet with duodenal ulcer, the symptoms may decrease, but the disease requires medical treatment.

Kinds

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum are classified according to the method of formation, location and course of the inflammatory-destructive process.

By the method of education:

• secretory;
• traumatic;
• exchange;
• therapeutic - appears as a complication.

Localization Location:

• Lesion of the bulb of this organ.
• Somatic inflammation (an ulcer occurs on the body of an organ).
• Damage to the postbulbar stomach. This is an intermediate section between the stomach and intestines.
• Combined destruction.

Features of the course:

• sharp;
• subacute;
• with the formation of narrowing of the lumen of the intestinal wall;
• with a rupture of the ulcer.

Functional features of the course of the disease:

1. Increased or decreased acidity.
2. Increased or decreased motility.
3. Inclusion of additional diseases. For example, intestinal obstruction or hemorrhoids.

Each of these states has its own nature of occurrence. Specific markers of peptic ulcer are multiple changes on the part of the digestive system, a complete restructuring of metabolic processes, and “hunger pains”.

Diagnostics

It is possible to diagnose a pathological condition at the first stage of the examination by collecting anamnestic data and palpating the lower abdomen. In the event that the gastroenterologist was able to establish the possible presence of an ulcer, additional studies are prescribed - laboratory and hardware.

1. Determination of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in the arterial blood of a patient.
2. Rn-metry (part of gastric juice) - is studied for acid composition, reactive emissions and effects.
3. X-ray examination of the duodenum.
4. Endoscopic examination - translucency of the walls of the stomach and duodenum.
5. Microscopic examination, carried out with a particle of affected matter. At its core, this is an intestinal biopsy, only less traumatic.

X-ray examination of the duodenum, may show the following changes:

• The formation of a niche, a void - in which the pathogenic flora accumulates, the remains of poorly digested food, and so on.
• Change in the mucous membranes - manifested by the retraction of part of the intestine in the opposite direction from the ulcerous formations.
• Peptic ulcer - clearly describes the area of ​​inflammation.
• The ulcers and scars of the wall on the x-ray look like a cobweb or asterisk.
  

Surgery

Surgical treatment of a duodenal ulcer is an extreme form of exposure that can solve only the first external problems, but it does not completely eliminate the cause and effect. In other words, any operation without further medical treatment and diet therapy is simply useless.

With peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, the patient undergoes the following surgical effects:

1. Vagotomy. A complex and subtly performed transfer of nerve endings, blood supplying veins and secretory fluids to combat closures, commissures, neoplasms and other causes of impaired outflow of bile, gastric juice, feces.
2. Resection - removal of the affected area and implantation of a new, artificial object to restore the organ, stabilize its peristalsis, blood supply, excretory function. Resection is indicated for few patients, most often only vagotomy is sufficient.

It is worth noting that surgery for an ulcer is prescribed only in case of peritonitis. This is associated with the risk of multiple complications: sepsis, metabolic disturbances, adhesions, bleeding and so on.

Treatment

With an exacerbation of the disease, treatment of a duodenal ulcer is carried out in a hospital. For quick scarring of the ulcer, the patient needs bed rest and complete emotional rest. After a full examination, a treatment regimen is prescribed. In many ways, the strategy depends on the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the intestines. The main drugs used in therapy are antisecritory drugs aimed at suppressing gastric secretion:

• Omeprazole.
• Cimetidine.

If the patient has Helicobacter pylori, additional inhibitory bacteria are used, such as:

• Denol.
• "Vicalin."

Gastroprotectors are also part of complex therapy, designed to protect the affected areas of the intestine from hydrochloric acid.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy significantly increases the effectiveness of drug treatment. The therapy includes sinusoidal modulated currents, the procedure improves blood circulation and reduces inflammation.

1. Thermal, semi-alcohol compresses.
2. Electrophoresis, ultrasound and microwave therapy.

Physical Education

Many are interested in the question: is it possible to engage in physical education with a duodenal ulcer? Specially designed exercises will help to normalize the motor and secretory functions of the intestine, improve blood circulation. Used to prevent congestive ulcers. Assign physical therapy exercises, in the final stage of treatment after bed rest.

Herbal treatment

In addition to the above methods and diet, with the exacerbation of a duodenal ulcer, alternative methods of treatment are used.

Treatment of ulcers with St. John's wort and cabbage:

1. Hypericum flowers (fresh) should be finely chopped and placed in a 0.5 liter jar. This amount requires 150 g of raw materials. Then any vegetable oil is poured into the jar, but preferably unrefined olive oil, to the brim. The resulting mixture was evaporated in a water bath for 6 hours, filtered and cooled. Every day, for half an hour before each meal, 2 tablespoons of the broth should be consumed.
2. Three parts of cabbage juice are mixed with one part of celery juice so that the volume is 250 ml and drunk 30 minutes before meals. Such juice should be drunk daily for a month. Cabbage juice can also be mixed with tomato or lemon juice.

Plantain ulcer treatment:

1. 40 g of plantain is poured with 200 ml of hot water and insisted for an hour. An infusion is taken at each meal in a glass.
2. 100 g of succession, celandine, St. John's wort and plantain are crushed and mixed well. A large spoonful of the mixture is poured with a glass of boiling water, wrapped and insisted for two hours. Filter the infusion and take a large spoon before eating.
   

Calendula ulcer treatment

Before taking funds based on such a plant, you should familiarize yourself with the contraindications:

• Calendula should not be used during periods of exacerbation.
• Calendula should not be consumed by children, adolescents, girls in position and those who are breastfeeding.
• Also, in no case are alcoholic infusions of herbs used, since they irritate the intestinal mucosa.
• It is worth remembering that calendula is a strong allergen, so you need to use it with caution.

Consider a few recipes:

1. Calendula oil. 60 grams of marigold flowers pour 200 ml of any vegetable oil. Put the mixture in a water bath and heat to 80 degrees. The mixture is kept for three hours, then insisted for a day. 5 ml should be taken before or after eating food. Do not use oil immediately before eating, you need to wait half an hour. After eating - it is worth maintaining an interval of one and a half hours.
2. Calendula oil with milk and honey. 5 grams of honey and calendula are added to 250 ml of milk. Mix well and drink. Such a remedy should be taken every morning. The mixture perfectly helps to get rid of old wounds and prevent the appearance of new ulcers.

The treatment of ulcers with fireweed and clover

Fireweed and clover in equal proportions - 1 spoon each, finely chopped and poured with water. It will take two glasses of liquid. Drink infusion should be daily.

At the same time, it is worth abandoning the use of tea in favor of herbal infusion. The tool has an anti-inflammatory property. It is also effective in other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Diet

An obligatory part of therapy is a diet for exacerbation of a duodenal ulcer. Suffering from such a disease, it is extremely important to eat properly. There are several specially designed diets, the purpose of which is to reduce the burden on organs and the body as a whole, to reduce the chemical and thermal effects.

A diet with a stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer is characterized by the absence of fatty, excessively salty and spicy in the diet, all sharp, heavy and fatty meat, mushrooms, nuts, seeds, dried fruits are excluded. Completely exclude alcoholic and carbonated drinks, coffee, black tea, caffeinated drinks, citrus fruits, sour fruits and berries, juices and fruit drinks from them, white cabbage (however, its juice is used as a medicine for this ailment).

It is best for nutrition during a diet during an exacerbation of a duodenal ulcer boiled soups, especially dairy or mashed soups, are suitable. Such soups can be boiled in light vegetable or chicken broth, in milk with the addition of vegetables or pasta. It is necessary to introduce a large number of dairy products into the diet: milk, cream, cottage cheese. From low-fat cottage cheese, you can cook casseroles or soufflé for dessert with the addition of honey. However, dried fruits, sugar, nuts should be excluded.

Also, a variety of cereals should be present in the diet. Semolina, buckwheat, rice, oatmeal - these cereals can be cooked both in low-fat milk and in water. For sweetness, honey is added.

A few weeks after stopping the exacerbation, lean meat and fish are returned to the diet: chicken, turkey, veal, rabbit, pollock, cod. Products are cooked exclusively by steam or boiled with a minimum amount of salt. Steamed cutlets, meatballs with milk sauce are perfect. All veins, cartilage, fragments of skin and fascia must be removed from meat.

To add fat to your daily meal, you should introduce vegetable oil, but not more than 1 teaspoon per day. It will be useful to use a large number of jelly on non-sour berries, jelly, puddings, diluted with water juices.

In a diet with a duodenal ulcer, bread is allowed exclusively white, yesterday, and best of all, crackers from it without the addition of salt and spices.

Chicken eggs up to eight pieces a day - boiled or steamed omelettes without oil.

Any juices should be diluted with water in equal proportions, you can use green tea, jelly, a rosehip broth. White cabbage juice will be an excellent medicine for inflamed intestinal mucosa.

In total, daily consumption should form three thousand kilocalories. When observing positive dynamics, heavier dishes are introduced into the diet, at the end of treatment two or three small butter buns per week and jelly or citrus jelly are possible. Do not forget that all food should be warm. Do not eat too cold or hot food.