In the article, we will consider the basic rules of nutrition after removal of the gallbladder. It is carried out according to a number of objective factors, but the main reason is the presence of calculi in the cavity of this organ (stones of dense formation). After surgery, this problem is resolved, but the diet of such patients must be respected throughout life.
The basic rules of diet
The main goals that the diet pursues in the absence of the gallbladder are:
- Creating maximum chemical protection of the liver.
- Normalization of the bile.
- Stabilization of the normal functioning of the liver, bile ducts and the entire digestive tract.
According to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 330, the diet in the absence of the gallbladder in preventive institutions corresponds to the basic principles of standard nutrition - this is the treatment table No. 5. In accordance with some restrictions in the treatment table No. 5, the diet should be physiologically balanced, that is, contain the necessary amount of minerals, vitamins and other substances.
Daily content of nutrients
The daily content of nutrients is:
- proteins - 85-100 g, of which approximately 40-50 g are of animal origin;
- carbohydrates - 300-350 g, with simple glucose - not more than 30-35 g;
- fats - 80-90 g, of which up to 30% are vegetable fats.
The caloric value of the treatment table per day after cholecystectomy is 2180-2500 calories.
Let us consider in more detail what constitutes a diet in the absence of the gallbladder.
Basic principles and diet
Eat after organ removal should be fractional: up to six times a day in small portions. Despite the fact that the gallbladder is removed, the bile ducts are preserved, which means that it is necessary to empty them in a timely manner so that bile does not stagnate in them. In addition, small portions of food do not burden the liver and other digestive organs, which avoids the development of the inflammatory process. It is especially important to eat at the same time. This is the only way to normalize the bile ducts and liver. Small portions prevent the development of symptoms of obesity, which is also very important.
A very popular dish is mashed potatoes without milk.
Food Processing Rules
Food can be baked, steamed or boiled. Cooking in the microwave should be avoided; use of a double boiler and a slow cooker is permitted. Occasionally, experts recommend stewing foods. In the first months after surgery, during the preparation process, the products must be crushed and wiped. This type of culinary processing provides maximum mechanical protection to the liver and stomach, and also favorably affects the entire digestive system.
Dishes are served on the diet table only in the form of heat (15-30 ° C). Excessively cold and hot foods can cause spasm of the bile ducts, and provoke irritation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum.
The benefits and harms of salt
The use of salt after cholecystectomy complies with physiological norms (up to 10 g per day). Too salty foods are excluded that irritate the gastrointestinal tract and cause stagnation of fluid, and, consequently, bile in the body. The liquid should be consumed in a volume of up to two liters per day. 30 minutes before a meal, it is recommended to drink a glass of mineral alkaline water without gases, which helps to stimulate the passage of bile.
But, is it possible to drink alcohol during a diet in the absence of a gall bladder?
Alcohol intake
It is recommended to completely abandon the use of alcoholic beverages after cholecystectomy (with the exception of rare cases of the use of weak alcohol). Ethyl alcohol provokes the occurrence of spasms of smooth muscles, increases the tone of the bile ducts. In addition, in the absence of the gallbladder, alcohol breaks down in the liver, which significantly increases the load on this organ. The systematic use of alcoholic beverages is dangerous not only by the appearance of previous problems in the digestive system, but also by the development of such a dangerous disease as cirrhosis.
So what is forbidden during the diet? The operation to remove the gallbladder involves the rejection of many dishes.
List of Prohibited Products
First of all, from a diet after surgery to remove the bubble, it is necessary to cross out dishes with a high content of cholesterol. It is this substance that causes excessive thickening and stagnation of bile, and provokes the development of stone formation.
Secondly, since bile after cholecystectomy does not contain a large number of enzymes that break down fat, the consumption of refractory animal fats should be limited as much as possible.
In addition, it is also necessary to avoid the use of foods that increase bile formation and the production of gastric juices (extractives, marinades, spicy dishes, etc.). Also contraindicated are products that linger in the intestines for a long time, causing fermentation and decay processes, stimulating increased gas formation.
The use of simple carbohydrates should also be limited: these compounds are easily broken down, increasing the level of “bad” cholesterol, and are deposited in the form of fatty layers, which is responsible for the development of obesity.
The list of foods prohibited during diet includes:
- top-grade flour products, any pastries and fried dough products (pancakes, pies, pancakes, pastries and cakes);
- cooking fats, lard (any), margarine:
- rich broths and soups based on them (meat, poultry, fish);
- fatty varieties of poultry and meat (lamb, goose, pork, duck), sinewy meat;
- fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, catfish, sturgeon, burbot);
- canned fish and meat;
- any sausages;
- fish caviar;
- liver (liver, kidneys, brains);
- bitter and sour vegetables (radish, green onion, radish, spinach, daikon, sorrel);
- egg yolks, fried eggs;
- pickles and pickles;
- smoked products;
- any spices: coriander, pepper, horseradish, mustard, vinegar and others;
- sour fruits and berries;
- chocolate, cream products, ice cream;
- strong coffee, tea, cocoa, carbonated sweet drinks, carbonated mineral waters;
- dishes from public eating places (hamburgers, pizza);
- legumes.
Allowed Products
Those products that are allowed to be eaten by a person who has undergone cholecystectomy should not irritate the digestive system and excessively stimulate the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
When cooking, those types of foods that are rich in pectin and lipotropic substances should be used. They actively break down cholesterol, inhibit the processes of its deposition on the walls of blood vessels (symptoms of atherosclerosis) and the accumulation of bile, which causes its thickening. Pectin, in turn, envelops the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, prevents the absorption of harmful compounds, stimulates the motor functions of the intestine and has a healing property.
In addition, in the patient’s medical nutrition after removal of the bladder, a large amount of plant fiber should be present, which not only contains a large amount of vitamins, but also stimulates intestinal motility, preventing flatulence, constipation and delayed food masses.
Do not forget about the use of fermented milk products, since they are sources of valuable animal proteins and calcium, they contain useful living bacteria that have a beneficial effect on the intestinal microflora.
The list of products allowed after cholecystectomy includes:
- Bread, dried or yesterday, crackers, crackers, biscuits.
- Soup on a secondary or vegetable broth.
- Low-fat poultry and meat (turkey, chicken, rabbit, veal, beef).
- Non-fat and unsalted ham.
- Semi-viscous and crumbly cereals (buckwheat, oat soup).
- Any seafood that is not only a source of iodine, but also neutralize cholesterol.
- Protein Steam Omelet.
- Butter, vegetable oils by adding to dishes.
- Kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt, yogurts, low-fat and unsalted cheeses.
- Berries and fruits (sour in processed form or very sweet: jelly, jelly, mousse, stewed fruit).
- Marmalade, jam.
- Tomatoes, fresh herbs, cucumbers, pumpkin, bell peppers, beets, potatoes, zucchini, carrots.
- Tea with lemon or milk, weak coffee, alkaline mineral waters (without gas), fruit drinks and juices.
- Mashed potatoes without milk.
- Jellied fish, slightly salted salmon, soaked herring, vinaigrette, fresh vegetable salad.
- Boiled fish (the recipe is presented below).
The importance of dieting
Compliance with dietary rules after cholecystectomy helps maintain liver function and secretion of bile in the correct mode, which helps to normalize the functioning of the entire digestive tract, prevents the occurrence of such unpleasant symptoms that often occur after organ removal, like flatulence, bitterness in the mouth and constipation.
In addition, therapeutic nutrition after cholecystectomy prevents the development of pathologies such as atherosclerosis, improves the appearance of patients and stabilizes their weight.
Diet failure and complications
If dietary measures are not followed, in the state after cholecystectomy, the most common complication is postcholecystectomy syndrome, which is a collective concept and includes exacerbation of previous pathological processes in the digestive tract and the emergence of new ones.
It should also be noted that people who neglect dietary rules after surgery risk their aesthetic appearance - they often develop obesity, hypovitaminosis and the health of other body systems.
Sample menu
First breakfast: egg white omelet, rice pudding, chamomile tea. The beneficial properties of such a drink have been known since ancient times. It contains flavonoids (food antioxidants), free organic acids, coumarins, tannins, phytosterols, vitamins of groups A and C, as well as carotene - and this list is far from complete. Coumarins have an antispasmodic effect, and phytosterols lower blood cholesterol.
Second breakfast: low-fat yogurt, apple, banana.
Lunch: vegetable puree soup, boiled beef, stewed vegetables, fruit or berry compote.
Snack: milk pudding.
Dinner: steamed fish meatballs without salt (the benefits and dangers of salt are described above), stewed vegetables, berry jelly or fruit or kefir.
Dish recipes
Cooking while following a diet does not require special skills and a lot of time.
Let's start with a simple: how to make juice? During this diet, you can use freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices (apple, pumpkin, carrot). Before drinking, it is half diluted with water (now it is known how to make juice). Drinks stimulate digestion and saturate the body with useful vitamins and minerals.
As for other dishes, the recipes may be as follows:
- Cauliflower soup. You will need: cauliflower, wheat flour, butter, herbs and salt (1 tablespoon). Place the cabbage in salted water, then remove, wash and boil for several minutes. After that, it should be grated and returned to the container with water. Add a little flour, dried in a pan. Boil for another six minutes. Add greens and butter.
- Mashed potatoes. Peel the potatoes, boil it, crush it, add the butter and salt. Milk is not used.
- Oat soup. Must have in stock: secondary broth from poultry or low-fat beef, oatmeal, vegetable oil, salt, greens. Oatmeal is cooked for 15 minutes in the broth, after which parsley or dill, oil is added . You can eat oat soup with crackers or crackers. The recipe for boiled fish is also given.
- Steamed fish. Ingredients: trout, salt, flour, butter. The fish is cleaned, washed thoroughly, cut into pieces. After that, it is necessary to roll in flour or breadcrumbs and put in a double boiler. The cooking process lasts 15-20 minutes.
- Turkey cutlets. You will need: turkey fillet, onion, chicken egg, bread, milk, salt. The bread is soaked in milk, after which it, together with the fillet and onions, is passed through a meat grinder. An egg is driven into the minced meat, the necessary amount of salt is put, mixed. Formed cutlets are cooked for 40 minutes for a couple.
So, the sample menu and diet recipes in the absence of the gall bladder are considered, it remains only to follow useful tips.