Everyone should understand what constitutes blood pressure, and why it is measured, as it is an indicator of the vital activity of the body, as well as the general condition of the person. It should be said that blood pressure is usually called blood pressure on the walls of arteries. So, a person’s heart in a relaxed state is filled with liquid tissue of the body, which is pumped into the arteries. In this case, systolic pressure occurs , and with a state of relaxation of the heart - diastolic. Thus, blood pressure depends on the amount of blood that the heart pumps over a certain period of time, its outflow, viscosity and pressure on the walls of blood vessels. The pressure becomes higher with more liquid tissue pumped into the artery, and lower with less.
So, it is customary to write down the pressure in two digits, the first of which indicates the onslaught force during the contraction of the heart and is maximum, the second indicates the onslaught force during the ejection of blood into the arteries and is minimal. The difference between the maximum and minimum indicators is called pulse pressure. We can say that blood pressure is a variable, since it is influenced by a large number of factors. A healthy person has normal pressure on the artery walls, usually 120/80 mm. Hg. Art., in violation of the regulatory systems of the body, they can change.
You need to know that with an increase in indicators for every ten units, there is a risk of developing heart and vascular diseases, therefore, it is necessary to undergo an examination in the presence of symptoms such as dizziness, pain in the head, weakness, nausea.
In medicine, it is customary to consider indicators of average dynamic pressure, which is constant and indicates the energy of the movement of blood from arteries to veins.
The human body is able to regulate changes in blood pressure with the help of baroreceptors, which send signals to arteries, veins, kidneys and heart, and those, in turn, regulate blood pressure by changing the amount of blood in arteries and veins. So, the human heart is able to speed up its contractions, thereby increasing blood pressure, veins and arteries have the ability to narrow and expand, lowering or increasing it.
Each person has an individual blood pressure, the symptoms and indicators of which depend on age, general health, emotional state, and lifestyle. If the mechanism of self-regulation of blood pressure fails, there is a change in its performance. Their decrease is observed in case of poisoning, infections in the body, diseases of the heart or blood vessels, while hypotension develops. Their increase is caused by impaired renal function, hormonal changes in the body, disruptions in the endocrine system, in this case they speak of hypertension.
In order to measure blood pressure, two methods can be used:
1. A mechanical device called a sphygmomanometer. His job is to measure tones when the artery is clamped by a cuff.
2. Electronic devices that record the pulsation when the cuff squeezes a portion of the artery. Such devices can be semi-automatic and automatic.
It should be noted that blood pressure can be a symptom of the development of various diseases, therefore, with prolonged changes in its indicators, it is recommended to consult a clinic to identify the causes of its fluctuations. Do not neglect your own health. After all, this can lead to unpleasant or even tragic consequences.