The ventricles of the brain are cavities located in all its departments. They are filled with fluid (cerebrospinal). The ventricles of the brain are derived from the cavities of the secondary blisters of the organ. The inner surface of their walls is covered with ependyma. Allocate only four ventricles.
The first left and second right are symmetrical and are cavities in the hemispheres. These ventricles of the brain are located under the corpus callosum in the thickness of the cerebral white matter. In each of them four areas are distinguished. The narrowest, central part is located in the parietal lobe. It bends around the thalamus from above and passes into the anterior horn anteriorly, into the posterior horn posteriorly and downward into the lower horn of the ventricle. The anterior horn is located in the frontal lobe, the posterior horn is located in the occipital, the lower horn lies in the temporal lobe. The lateral symmetric ventricles of the brain are divided in front by a transparent septum. It consists of two plates.
The communication of each front part with the third ventricle is carried out using the interventricular opening. On the medial side, a plexus of vessels forms, extending to the central part. It is formed using a portion of the choroid, which extends into the lower horns of the symmetric ventricles. Plexuses of the vessels of the lateral and third ventricles communicate through the interventricular opening.
The third ventricle is a cavity in the diencephalon. It is represented by a narrow slit-like space, located in the sagittal plane.
Its side walls are formed by the medial sections of the thalamus, the lower - by the hypothalamus. In front, the ventricle is bounded below by a thin plate that goes up into the columns of the arch. Its posterior wall extends into its caudal direction in its lower part, forming a supra-pineal recess. From above, the third ventricle borders the corpus callosum and the arch of the brain. This wall is formed by the base of the plexus of blood vessels. The cavity passes posteriorly into the aqueduct of the brain, which is the cavity in the midbrain and connects the third ventricle to the fourth.
The fourth ventricle of the brain is the cavity of the medulla oblongata and the bridge (in embryogenesis of the rhomboid brain). The rhomboid fossa is its bottom. The cerebellum is located above the fourth ventricle. Its roof looks like a gable tent. Stingrays (brain sails) are plates of brain matter. One of the sails (upper) is stretched between the cerebellar legs (upper) and forms the rear upper region of the roof. Its lower back is formed by the lower slope. It is attached to the lower legs and lobule (shred) of the cerebellum. United at the top of the sail, forming an angle, protrude into it.
The base of the system of vessels of the fourth ventricle is adjacent to the lower slope from the inside. In the vascular stratum, cerebrospinal fluid is produced. A cavity with a canal of the spinal cord communicates in a rhomboid fossa in the region of its lower corner.
The rear lower section of the roof has three holes. The median, the largest, is located in the central part of the lower slope. In the area of the lateral corners in the rhomboid fossa there are lateral openings. Through these openings, communication is made between the ventricular cavity and the subarachnoid space.
One of the anomalies that provokes the development of a number of diseases is the asymmetry of the ventricles of the brain. A frequent diagnosis is increased intracranial pressure. The identification of this symptom may also indicate the presence of a brain tumor or internal hydrocephalus (hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome). This concept includes a set of symptoms that causes deformation (both inside and out) and provoking an increase in the ventricles of the brain.