Cases of hemorrhagic syndrome are quite common in modern medical practice. Similar diseases can be both congenital and acquired, but in any case are accompanied by subcutaneous hemorrhage and bleeding of the mucous membranes. So what are the diseases of this type associated with, and what treatment methods does modern medicine use?
The main causes of hemorrhagic syndrome
In most cases, such a disease is associated with a violation of the hematopoiesis process or diseases of the circulatory system. To date, the causes of hemorrhage are usually divided into the following groups:
- Some blood diseases accompanied by impaired platelet formation processes and bleeding. This group includes thrombocytopathy, thrombocytopenia, as well as Verlhof disease.
- Quite often, the cause of hemorrhagic syndrome is a blood clotting disorder, which is observed with prothrombin deficiency and hemophilia of various types.
- Vascular damage (for example, brittle walls) also leads to minor hemorrhages. Hemorrhagic syndrome is observed with telangiectasia and hemorrhagic vasculitis.
- On the other hand, uncontrolled intake of certain drugs - anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents (interfere with the platelet aggregation process ) can lead to the same result .
- There are so-called psychogenic hemorrhages, which are characteristic of Munchausen syndrome and some neurotic disorders.
What are the symptoms of hemorrhagic syndrome?
To date, it is customary to distinguish 5 forms of hemorrhagic syndrome, each of which is accompanied by a unique set of symptoms:
- The hematoma form of the syndrome is observed with hemophilia. Such diseases are accompanied by painful hemorrhages in the joints and soft tissues, as well as a gradual disruption of the functioning of the skeleton and muscles.
- With a petechial-spotted type of pathology, painful hemorrhages under the upper layers of the skin are observed, bruising occurs even at the slightest pressure.
- In a mixed hematoma-bluish type, the symptoms of the two forms described above are combined.
- The vasculitis-purple form of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of hemorrhages in the form of erythema. Often, the patient's condition is complicated by intestinal bleeding.
- With the angiomatous type, persistent local hemorrhages are observed.
There is also edematous hemorrhagic syndrome, which is diagnosed in newborns. This is an extremely serious condition, accompanied by hemorrhage in the lungs.
Hemorrhagic syndrome: treatment
If we are talking about congenital diseases (hemophilia), then it is completely impossible to cure them. Therefore, patients need constant treatment and medical supervision. In some cases, hormonal drugs are used that can normalize blood formation processes. Special drugs, in particular
aminocaproic acid , are used to stop bleeding
. With massive blood loss, blood transfusions are necessary.