Hyperthermic syndrome is a rapid increase in body temperature, usually above 40 degrees. When such a patient is in the house, this causes panic among his relatives, since we all know the danger of fever and its consequences. If the fever occurs in children, the parents justly “sound all the bells”, as the small organism is still not strong enough and it needs help to overcome the fever.
Hyperthermic syndrome: what is it
This condition in children is observed quite often. This is due to the vulnerability of a small organism, the lack of strong immunity and special sensitivity to various viruses, infections and bacteria. An increase in body temperature is always a protective reaction to any kind of malfunction in the body. As a result, blood bactericidal activity increases, leukocytes are activated, metabolism is enhanced, the production of endogenous interferon occurs twice as fast.
In hyperthermic syndrome, the hypothalamus, which is located in the brain and is responsible for regulating body temperature, is amenable to the action of irritants. If the heat occurs unexpectedly and develops rapidly, this leads to a load on the heart, blood vessels, lungs. Oxygen enters the blood faster and more actively, but it does not save from the development of possible hypoxia, which causes seizures and various kinds of malfunctions in the central nervous system. To avoid possible complications, it is better to measure the body temperature in very young children every day.
The most common reasons for increasing
body temperature
Hyperthermic syndrome in children may occur primarily due to acute respiratory viral infections or influenza. In this case, temperature indicators do not always exceed 40 degrees, but sometimes this happens due to weakened immunity, the acute form of the disease, or the individual characteristics of its course. Determining the cause of the fever in this case is quite easy, since it is usually accompanied by a cough or runny nose.
The source of fever is any infectious disease (chickenpox, rubella, measles), as well as appendicitis. If the fever caused a malfunction of the internal organs, inflammatory processes, then this is a very serious situation that requires immediate medical attention. Hyperthermic syndrome is especially dangerous for kidney diseases: mcb, renal failure can occur unpredictably and be accompanied by many complications. Therefore, carefully monitor the symptoms to help the doctor make the correct diagnosis. Health, and sometimes the life of a little man, depends on this.
What else can provoke hypothermic
syndrome
Sometimes a fever is caused by an overdose or intolerance to certain drugs. In babies, the temperature sometimes jumps after routine vaccinations. To get around this situation, parents 5 days before vaccination begin to give their child antihistamines.
High temperature can be triggered by the action of toxins in case of poisoning: they attack the brain and that part of it where the body temperature regulator is located. This is a malignant hyperthermic syndrome. In addition, with anesthesia and coma, fever is possible.
The commonplace causes of heat are also: elementary overheating in the sun, heat stroke or even stress. Toddlers react to different situations of life and physically: therefore, indigestion and high fever are frequent consequences of a nervous state. Children are also difficult to tolerate acclimatization, so after arriving in an exotic country, do not be surprised that your baby is down with temperature. Hyperthermic syndrome in adults is also possible for this reason, but in extremely rare cases.
Types of Hyperthermic Syndrome
It manifests itself in different ways depending on the specific case and the characteristics of the child's body. For example, in terms of duration, hyperthermic syndrome can be ephemeral (from several hours to two days), acute (up to two weeks), subacute (up to 45 days) and chronic (more than 45 days). The last two species are almost never found in the modern world, as new technologies allow you to quickly bring down a fever and provide help with hyperthermic syndrome.
In addition, these
types of fever are distinguished:
- Constant. It is kept at the same level - more than 39 degrees (it accompanies diseases such as croupous pneumonia, typhoid and rash ).
- Waning. Sometimes it drops to 38 degrees, but does not reach normal levels (typical for bronchitis, pneumonia, flu).
- Intermittent. Periods of normal temperature alternate with bouts of heat (it happens with sepsis and malaria).
- Returnable. It's the opposite: heat periods are replaced by a normal state (found in typhus).
- Waved. Long periods of rise and fall (characteristic of brucellosis, lymphogranulomatosis).
- Exhausting. Large jumps in temperature (tuberculosis, sepsis).
- Wrong, which can not be explained and goes beyond the laws.
Clinical picture
Hyperthermic syndrome in children can manifest itself in different ways. Usually, depending on the general condition of the baby, the strength of his body and individual characteristics, fever happens:
- Pink. This is not even a completely hyperthermic syndrome, but only a partial manifestation of it. Hyperthermic reaction - the so-called state of heat is called when the child’s skin is warm, the mucous membranes are moderately moist, there is no tachycardia. The general condition is quite satisfactory.
- Pale. This is hyperthermic syndrome in its purest form. The patient feels chills, pale skin with a marble pattern, hands and feet are icy, tachycardia is possible. The temperature is very difficult to bring down. It is characterized by a metabolic disorder, a violation of microcirculation and dysfunction of the internal organs. The baby may be in a very serious condition, in which first aid is urgently needed. You must call an ambulance and, waiting for her to arrive, try to lower the fever in your child yourself.
What should parents do before the doctors arrive
Waiting for a medical team, you do not have the right to lament or sit back. By simple actions, parents can alleviate the hyperthermia syndrome. Emergency care without drugs and all kinds of drugs is as follows:
- Put the child to bed, open the window and provide access to fresh air.
- Unfasten the baby's clothes. Do not confuse it if it is on fire. Instead, apply something cold, preferably in the groin area. Turn on the fan and direct a stream of fresh air at the child. You can wipe the patient’s skin with table vinegar with water or alcohol (if the child is not 3 months old, this procedure should be abandoned).
- If your son or daughter experiences chills, then, on the contrary, cover them with a warm blanket, additionally putting a heating pad on your legs.
It is very important to give the baby a drink, the more the better. So the body will quickly get rid of the toxins that poison it. If you are sure that the cause of the fever was poisoning, then you can wash the baby's stomach and intestines. Do not leave the baby alone if it has hyperthermic syndrome. First aid provided by parents will not only facilitate his physical condition, but also support the child mentally, because care and attention are very important for him now.
The drug "Paracetamol": the main weapon against heat
After you called the doctor and did the first steps to alleviate the condition of the baby, you can try to bring down the temperature yourself. Hyperthermic syndrome in children, emergency care in which lies in drug treatment, involves the use of antipyretic drugs. At home, giving the necessary dose of such a drug is an important and necessary step, which if it does not completely eliminate the fever, it will greatly facilitate the general condition of the baby.
The safest and most reliable antipyretic drug is the good old Paracetamol drug, the daily dose of which should not exceed 60 mg / kg. It is produced in the form of rectal suppositories for the smallest, as well as syrups, capsules and dragees for older children. The drug "Paracetamol" can not be taken for more than three days in a row, because it can cause a hepatotoxic effect - a violation of the liver. Also, it is not recommended to give babies with an individual intolerance to the drug.
Other antipyretic drugs
These are the drugs "Ibufen" and "Nurofen", children's forms of ibuprofen. Usually the kids perceive it well, although it has more side effects, and they more often occur than from the same Paracetamol preparation. These medicines can be given to a child if he is already a year old and does not tolerate Paracetamol. They will help tame the hyperthermic syndrome in children, the emergency care of these drugs is manifested not only in their antipyretic effect, but also in the ability to calm pain.
Homeopathic remedy for fever - "Viburkol". But it does not always work efficiently and quickly with hyperthermic syndrome. In individual cases, parents can give the antipyretic drug that is available at home so as not to waste time on the road to the pharmacy (this may be Efferalgan, Panadol and others). If the baby has already taken this medicine, and you are sure that it works, feel free to give the recommended dose for its age and weight, described in the instructions.
The main thing that parents need to remember: young children should not take antipyretic drugs such as Analgin, Aspirin, Antipyrine, Amidopyrine, Phenacetin and other medicines based on them. If you are very doubtful about the choice of antipyretic tablets or syrups, call a pediatrician who will help you make the decision.
Doctors Actions
The medical team that came to the call has a lot of tools in its arsenal that will help to quickly eliminate hyperthermic syndrome. Emergency care of doctors consists in an injection, which consists of three substances: papaverine, analgin and diphenhydramine. This method is very effective and is used if the baby’s condition is critical, and all your efforts could not lower the temperature.
Also, the baby can be injected with a solution of chlorpromazine, pipolfen and novocaine. With vasospasm, aminophylline helps, and to calm the nervous system - midazolam. The doctor calculates the dose for your child, trying to quickly determine the cause of the fever at the same time. Be prepared for questions, because your quick response is very important. Depending on the source of the heat, the child is given antiviral, hormonal or other drugs. At the same time, when the baby has hyperthermic syndrome, he should not take calcium preparations, vasopressors and atropine.
Common mistakes of doctors
In adults and children, hypothermic syndrome manifests itself very differently. First aid should focus primarily on eliminating the causes of fever. Only if in adults high fever develops gradually against the background of various kinds of symptoms, then in babies the fever often occurs unexpectedly. Even in the evening, the child laughed and played, and at night he was in critical condition. Therefore, the main task of the doctor is to quickly and accurately establish the correct diagnosis, prescribe the right treatment. Often in ambulances there are no defibrillators, which are so necessary for saving babies.
The most common medical errors: the wrong dosage of the drug, an incompatible combination of drugs that can mask the main symptoms of the disease. Therefore, upon admission to the hospital, it is often impossible to determine the root cause of the fever. Doctors also need to pay attention to the patient's age and prescribe
resuscitation measures in accordance with him
. The competent work of doctors accompanies the quick recovery of the baby and the prevention of possible complications after the transferred hyperthermic syndrome.