The drug exhibits a bactericidal effect due to inhibition of the formation of the bacterial cell wall. The medication is used both for intramuscular and intravenous administration. When injected, trace elements of the drug are easily absorbed and spread through the human body with blood flow. Ceftriaxone - what antibiotic is it?
Release form
Ceftriaxone is available in powder form for the manufacture of a solution in glass bottles of 0.5, 1 and 2 grams. The preparation is crystalline, approximately milky or yellowish in color. The medicine contains the following active substance: ceftriaxone (1 gram).
Act
The drug actively affects gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a powerful bactericidal effect. To which group of antibiotics does Ceftriaxone belong? The drug is a third-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent with a wide spectrum of action.
Indications
Ceftriaxone is used if there are signs of the following diseases and ailments:
- Meningitis (an infectious inflammatory disease of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain).
- Meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the brain and its membranes, which in some cases affects the spinal cord, causing paralysis).
- Pneumonia (pneumonia - inflammation of the lung tissue, usually of an infectious origin with a primary lesion of the alveoli).
- Complicated bronchitis (a disease of the lower respiratory tract characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi).
- Bronchiectatic disease (congenital or acquired inflammatory disease of the respiratory system).
- Abscess of the lung (non-specific inflammation of the lung tissue, which results in melting with the formation of purulent-necrotic cavities).
- Empyema (a significant accumulation of pus inside a hollow organ or body cavity due to difficulty in outflow).
- A disease characterized by damage to the serous membrane covering the lungs, the inner surface of the chest with the subsequent development of fluid in its cavity.
- Jade (an inflammatory process affecting the vessels, tubules, glomeruli of the kidney, as well as its pyelocaliceal system).
- Pyelitis (inflammation of the renal pelvis).
- Pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys, which occurs in acute or chronic form).
- Urethritis (inflammation of the urethra caused by damage to the walls of the canal of various bacteria and viruses).
- A complicated form of cystitis (sepsis).
- Furunculosis (purulent-necrotic disease of the follicle and perifollicular connective tissue).
- Purulent inflammation of fiber.
- A sharp inflammation of several nearby hair follicles with the development in the skin of an irreversible cessation of cell vital activity.
- The purulent inflammatory process of the hair bulb, skin gland and surrounding tissue, which is caused by pyogenic bacteria.
- Streptoderma (skin lesions caused by streptococci).
- Staphyloderma (a contagious disease that affects the hair follicles and skin at great depths).
- Pyoderma (purulent infectious disease, the causative agents of which are staphylococci and streptococci).
- Erysipelas (a common infectious-allergic disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, prone to relapse).
- Retroperitoneal abscess (a separate cavity in the retroperitoneal space filled with purulent exudate).
- Diverticulitis (the inflammatory process of one or more herniform protrusions of the walls of the large or small intestine).
- Complications of acute appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix of the cecum of varying severity).
- Septic arthritis (inflammation of one or more joints caused by a variety of reasons).
- Osteomyelitis (an infectious inflammatory disease in which not only bone and bone marrow are affected, but the whole body as a whole).
- Bacterial damage to the joints.
- Short-term or prolonged infectious disease of the paranasal nasal areas.
- Etmoiditis (inflammation of various etiologies of the mucous membrane of the cells of the ethmoid bone).
- Mastoiditis (inflammatory lesion of the mastoid of the temporal bone of infectious origin).
- Inflammation of the infectious nature, covering all the anatomical parts of the middle ear).
- Sinusitis (inflammation of the maxillary sinuses).
- Probing of the uterine cavity (an operation to determine the direction of the uterine cavity, its length and condition of the wall relief).
- Diagnostic curettage of the uterus (a small operation that is inherently indistinguishable from surgical or vacuum abortion).
- Complicated and uncomplicated tripper (gonorrhea).
- Infectious disease of the prostate gland, which has an acute or chronic course.
- Decay of burns and frostbite.
- Peritonitis (local or diffuse inflammation of the serous cover of the abdominal cavity - peritoneum).
- A complex infectious disease that develops with the progression and spread of the infectious process through the body through the blood.
- Purulent inflammation of the wounds.
- A disease with predominant damage to the skin, nervous and cardiovascular systems.
How to breed Ceftriaxone antibiotic?
The dose is calculated by the doctor individually for each patient, depending on weight, age, disease.
According to the instructions, the Ceftriaxone antibiotic (in injections) is prescribed in a dosage of 500 to 2000 milligrams two to three times a day. For a powder solvent, when administered intravenously, a five percent solution of sodium chloride or glucose is used. To prepare a solution for intramuscular injection, the powder is diluted with "Lidocaine".
The contents of the vial are mixed with one of these solvents and thoroughly shaken until the powder crystals completely disappear. The prepared solution has a light yellow tint.
Ceftriaxone antibiotic: instructions for use
Injections are prescribed to adults one to two grams of powder once a day, it is best to administer the drug at the same time. The maximum daily dose is 4 grams.
Children over twelve years of age are prescribed the drug in the same dosages as an adult.
Breasts weighing more than 4,500 grams are advised to administer Ceftriaxone based on a calculation of 20-30 milliliters per kilogram of weight once a day. The maximum daily dosage should not be higher than fifty milligrams.
When treating children under twelve years of age who weigh more than 40 kg, the dose is calculated on the basis of body weight indicators, as a rule, it is from twenty to eighty milligrams per kilogram of weight once a day.
Elderly patients do not need to adjust the dosage, but it is important to carefully monitor the body's reflex to an antibacterial agent. If side effects occur, it is necessary to reduce the dose or completely discontinue treatment.
Can Ceftriaxone be used during pregnancy?
It is forbidden to use injections in the first trimester to expectant mothers, since information on the use of the drug during pregnancy has not been recorded, as well as the harmlessness of the medication for fetal development of the fetus.
In subsequent trimesters of pregnancy, the use of an antibacterial drug is possible, but only if the likely benefit to the mother is higher than the risk to the fetus. The therapy is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. The drug easily passes through the placenta to the fetus and can provoke a violation of the central nervous system, kidneys and liver.
According to experts, it is not recommended to administer the ceftriaxone antibiotic in injections during lactation, since the drug is excreted in breast milk and thus enters the baby's body. At the time of treatment, the baby must be transferred to the mixture.
Side effects
The drug "Ceftriaxone" can provoke negative reactions when it is introduced into the body. For example, from the digestive system:
- Increased liver enzymes.
- Cholestatic jaundice (a liver disease that is triggered by various pathologies of the biliary tract).
- Hepatitis (inflammatory liver disease, usually of viral origin).
- Pseudomembranous colitis (acute inflammation of the large intestine that occurs with antibiotics).
The following negative reactions may occur on the part of the respiratory system:
- Forced expiration through the mouth caused by contractions of the muscles of the respiratory tract due to irritation of the receptors.
- Bronchospasm (a condition of acute respiratory failure that occurs as a result of bronchial obstruction).
- The outflow of blood from the nasal cavity due to a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels.
- Dry nasal mucosa.
Intramuscular or intravenous administration of the drug can provoke the development of side effects:
- Tachycardia (increased heart rate).
- Inflammation, which is provoked by the accumulation of fluid in the tissues and disrupts important functions.
- A process in which a cell previously infected with one bacterium is codified after a certain time by another virus.
The drug can also cause such allergic reactions:
- Skin rash.
- Itching
- Redness.
- Eosinophilia (a condition of the body in which a relative or absolute increase in the number of eosinophils is diagnosed in the blood).
- Quincke's edema (a disease of allergic etiology, manifested by severe swelling of the mucous membranes).
In addition, the drug can adversely affect the hematopoiesis system:
- Leukopenia (a pathological condition associated with impaired hematopoiesis of white blood cells).
- Neutropenia (low level of neutrophilic granulocytes in the cellular composition of the blood).
- Thrombocytopenia (a condition characterized by a decrease in platelet count below normal).
- Hemolytic anemia (a decrease in red blood cells as a result of their destruction).
According to the instructions and reviews, the antibiotic Ceftriaxone when using high doses can cause the following side effects:
- Hypoprothrombinemia (low levels of prothrombin in the blood).
- Interstitial nephritis (a rare form of kidney inflammation, known for severe, non-infectious origin).
- Candidiasis (an infectious disease that affects the mucous membranes, skin, nails, human internal organs).
- Phlebitis (acute or chronic inflammation of the venous wall).
- Inhibition.
- Drowsiness.
- Lethargy.
- Dizziness.
- Paresthesia (sensitivity disorders, characterized by spontaneously arising sensations of burning, tingling, creeping creeps).
- Encephalopathy (organic brain damage).
In case of adverse reactions should immediately seek help from a doctor.
Overdose
The use of Ceftriaxone antibiotic causes an increase in adverse reactions. Therapy of intoxication consists in stopping the injection and replacing the drug with other drugs. Next, symptomatic treatment is carried out.
Interaction with other drugs
The use of Ceftriaxone with diuretics, aminoglycosides, as well as with the oral groups of cephalosporins increases the risk of toxic effects on the kidneys.
The finished solution is contraindicated to combine with heparin.
Price:
- The cost of one vial of the medicine "Ceftriaxone" (1 g) is 15-30 rubles.
- The cost of one bottle of Ceftriaxone (2 g) is 50–70 rubles.
The medicine is dispensed from a pharmacy with a prescription.
Features
People who have previously experienced cases of intolerance to antibiotics of the penicillin series may react negatively to Ceftriaxone injections. This is evidenced by patient reviews. Therefore, before starting treatment it is necessary to test for the presence of allergies.
Therapy with the drug must be continued for another three days after bringing the body temperature back to normal and until the symptoms disappear completely. During treatment with "Ceftriaxone" you should not drink alcohol, as this increases the risk of liver intoxication.
When using the medication, patients with severe kidney disease should carefully monitor their general health. With a slight deterioration in well-being, antibiotic therapy should be discontinued.
Judging by the reviews of patients, against the background of the use of the medicine “Ceftriaxone”, patients may experience headache and drowsiness, therefore during treatment it is necessary to refrain from driving.
Storage
The drug must be kept in a cool dark place and away from children. Injection solution is prepared only before the introduction of the drug. Unused product must not be reused, it must be disposed of. The shelf life of the powder is two years.
Analogs
Ceftriaxone substitutes are considered:
- Ceftriabol.
- Broadsef S
- "Ecocephron."
- "Azaran."
- Lendacin.
- Loraxon.
- Medaxon
"Azaran" (foreign counterpart) - powder for solution preparation, recommended for bacterial infections. And also used in the postoperative period, with inflammation in patients with weak immunity. The cost of the drug is 2700 rubles (ten ampoules).
"Lorakson" is an antibacterial drug, is available in the form of a cream for external use. Antibiotic is not recommended for use during pregnancy and lactation. The drug is made in Iran. The cost of Lorakson is 1900 rubles.
"Ecocephron" is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that has a bactericidal effect. An antibacterial capsule is available. It is used for infectious and inflammatory diseases, as well as diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, otitis media, endometritis and gonorrhea. The drug should be used with caution in chronic renal failure.
"Lendacin" - a drug used for infections of the stomach and intestines, upper and lower respiratory tract, skin and genitourinary system. The medication is made in Switzerland. The price of the drug varies from 2000 to 2300 rubles.
Ceftriaxone antibacterial agent is used all over the world, it successfully solves all problems, instantly eliminates infectious processes.